Observations on Living Polyzoa. 49 



sea-water, never expanded, many of those found on the 

 beach did so. I should never have expected the last 

 mentioned to be alive ; but one afternoon I was fortunate 

 enough to fill a large bag with Polyzoa, and in the evening, 

 on making a preliminary examination with a Coddington 

 lens, I was surprised to find some of the animals moving 

 within the cells, and on transferring them to the zoophyte 

 trough I was rewarded with the view of several species 

 expanding. I mention this as it may not be generally 

 known that if Polvzoa be gathered soon after being washed 

 up on the beach, or before getting dry, and being afterwards 

 kept merely damp, that there is a probability of finding 

 them living, and I have often since found them so. 



Some species were very beautiful when living, with the 

 tentacles expanded, the cilia in rhythmica] motion, up one 

 side and down the other, and (in those furnished with them) 

 the avicularia opening and closing, such as were capitate 

 waving about slowly. No conception can be conveyed of 

 the splendour of the pigment layer of some — e.g., Gelhpora 

 fusca. 



I have included in the list of species examined, their 

 colours when found alive, or moribund, but which did not 

 expand, because, in most cases, they differ from those of the 

 dead and dried specimens. 



The following are the details : — 



Catenicella ventricosa — Colour, orange ; 12 tentacles ; ova 

 in ordinary cells. 



G lorica — Colour, orange ; 12 tentacles ; lateral processes 

 very much dilated, and distended with fluid; fenestrae 

 convex. 



G. hastata — Observed mandibles of avicularia move; 

 cells more or less spotted with purple or dark green pig- 

 ment cells, the greater or less abundance of which causes the 

 frond to appear of various shades, from orange to purple, 

 and dark greenish grey. 



C. ponderosa — Colour, red ; interspaces of fenestrae ; upper 

 lip and bands on back of cells ivory white. 



G. rufa — Colour, bright orange. Observed avicularia 

 move ; ovicells full of scarlet granular mass ; ordinary 

 cells also contained 3 to 5 small dark oval bodies, most 

 probably ova. 



G formosa — Colour, pink ; 18 tentacles ; animal very 

 large, compared with cell and with other species. 



G. elegans — Colour, purple and brown; dark purple 



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