:206 Methods of Election. 



competitors, the result will frequently be the return of an 

 inferior man. 



On account of these objections, I consider it unnecessary 

 to enter into any further details as to the methods of the 

 second class. 



Methods of the Thied Class. 



In the methods of the third class each elector makes out 

 a list of all the candidates in his order of preference, or, what 

 comes to the same thing, indicates his order of preference by 

 writing the successive numbers 1, 2, 3, &c., opposite the 

 names of the candidates on a list which is supplied to him. 

 Thus one voting only is required on the part of the electors. 

 These preferential or comparative lists are then used in a 

 series of scrutinies ; and the methods of the third class 

 differ from one another only in the way in which these 

 scrutinies are conducted. Three different methods, which 

 may be called Ware's method, the Venetian method, and 

 Condorcet's practical method, have been proposed for use, 

 and these will now be described. 



Ware's Method. 



This method is called Ware's method because it appears to 

 have been first proposed for actual use by W. R. Ware, of 

 Harvard University.* The method was, however, mentioned 

 by Condorcet,-f- but only to be condemned. This method is 

 a perfectly feasible and practicable one for elections on any 

 scale, and it has recently been adopted by the Senate of the 

 University of Melbourne. It is a simple and obvious 

 extension of the French system, and it is obtained from that 

 system by two modifications, viz.: — 



(J.) The introduction of the preferential or comparative 

 method of voting, so as to dispense with any second voting 

 on the part of the electors. 



(2.) The elimination of the candidates one by one, 

 throwing out at each scrutiny the candidate who has fewest 

 votes, instead of rejecting at once all but the two highest. 



In the case in which there are three candidates only, the 

 second modification is not necessary. It will, perhaps, be 

 convenient to give a more formal description of this method. 

 The mode of voting for all methods of the third class has 

 already been described ; it remains, therefore, to describe 



* See Hare on Representation, p. 353. 

 t (Euvrea, 1804, vol. xiii., p. 243. 



