260 The Oceanic Languages Shemitic: a Discovery. 



hem ; Arb., hum ; is hu and m. Ch., anun is an, hu or u, 

 and n ; so anin fern, is an, hi or i, and n ; and from these 

 Assy, sun, sin, differ only by prefixing Js instead of J n; and 

 thus, it may be remarked, we solve the mystery of the Sh. 

 inflexion of number, both in nouns and verbs, for the 

 numeral particles, whether prefixed or postfixed to nouns and 

 verbs, are simply these or other of the above demonstratives 

 abridged or unabridged. After nouns we find hum or hem 

 represented by ym or im, and anun, anin, by un, in : -oth. 

 Heb. fern. pi. is >/t instead of J n or Jm. In the inflexion 

 of the verb the final n demonstrative of un, is frequently 

 dropped so as to leave simply u. 



§2. In Oc., as in Sh., demonstratives, simple or compound, 

 are used as indefinites, thus, Maori, mea; Heb., mah; Arb., 

 ma, anything. Ef, matuna ; Assy., matina ; Ch., ma dun, 

 anything whatever, &c, &c. 



§3. In Oc, as in Sh., the article is a demonstrative 

 put before the noun, as in Heb., or after it, as in Ch. In Ef., 

 the New Hebrides generally, and Mg., the common article is 

 in, an, ni, ny ; to be compared with an, Heb. and Ch.; and 

 Syr., hno, hono, in, e.g., Acts viii. 35, hno ketobo, the Scrip- 

 ture. Thus the Latin ille has become an article in the 

 Romance languages, and thus generally every Sh. simple de- 

 monstrative (in §1) may be found used as an article in Oc. 

 Thus, e.g., the word uma, house (Heb., hhomah) in Ef. is 

 suma ; My., rumah ; An., neom : child, Heb., yanak (suck- 

 ling, Ps. viii. 2), in My. isanak, and &anak, sometimes zanak, 

 as it is commonly in Mg. Heb., h.; Phen., a.; in Ef. is a. 

 Arb., al, in Sam., is the equally common article le. The 

 My., like the Ch. and Syr., commonly uses the article post- 

 positive. 



§4. In Oc, as in Sh., the interrogative is a demonstrative 

 used interrogatively (see for Heb., mi. Arm., man. Voc, 202). 



§5. The reflexive or emphatic pronoun self in Ef. is 

 tuma ; Heb., 'atzem ; and followed by the pronominal suffix 

 as the same word in Heb., or the analogous words in the 

 cognate languages — e.g., raman in Assy. The Heb. verb 

 'atzam means to bind ; Ef, tuma^i, is a bundle. 



§6. The personal pronouns in Sh. are distinguished as 

 separate of full form, or attached of shortened form. These 

 latter are used to denote the persons of the verb, accusative 

 of the pronoun, and its genitive. They have no case 

 inflexion ; the full form, usually nominative, is sometimes 



