14 BULLETIN 302, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



shippers and receivers, sales being made readily and adjustments of 

 difficulties more easily effected upon the basis of its standards. It 

 may be said that the New York growers strived to comply with the 

 law. Many, fearing that they could not do so, marketed their crops 

 in bulk during the fall, and much inferior stock was kept at home, 

 thus leaving the market to the better grades. 



The New York State law differs from the Federal apple grade and 

 package law, commonly known as the Sulzer law, which is not 

 mandatory. Some packers who may have failed to comply with or 

 who did not desire to grade by the New York State law have attempted 

 to take advantage of the conflict between the two laws. The New 

 York State law does not prevent compliance with the Sulzer but 

 imposes additional requirements as ,to grading. It frequently 

 occurred in case of condemnation by the State inspectors that the 

 packers erased the New York markings and substituted brands 

 allowed by the Federal law. 



With the enactment of grade and package laws in other Common- 

 wealths, there are likely to be many conflicts between the laws of 

 the States and between State and National laws. The advisability 

 of uniformity in legislation along these lines is apparent. Maine and 

 Vermont now have individual laws providing for standard grades and 

 packages for apples, and legislation is pending at present in Massa- 

 chusetts, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. These laws are all 

 very similar, and it is believed the fruit interests of the various 

 sections will cooperate in securing as great uniformity as possible. 

 Utah, Oregon, Washington, Montana, and Idaho have laws fixing 

 the standard box and providing for the elimination of wormy fruit, 

 but the grades are not specified. These laws are believed to have 

 rendered an excellent service in improving the general quality of 

 fruit grown in the sections affected. 



COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS AND MOVEMENT. 



Reports emanating from unofficial sources indicated that sufficient 

 cold-storage space was not available in the fall of 1914 for conserving 

 the supply of apples for distribution throughout the winter and 

 spring, and it is claimed that large quantities of apples wasted in the 

 orchards for lack of storage facilities. 



Cold-storage owners must fill their space for as much of the year as 

 possible. Eggs, butter, and other commodities are sources of revenue 

 during the summer and early fall, especially in the markets, but these 

 commodities generally give place sufficiently by the first of October 

 to provide for the apple crop. During the past season, however, the 

 egg market was very inactive, and stocks cleared very slowly. Space 

 for apples, therefore, was in great demand, and many storages would 

 quote only a season rate, whether the fruit was to be stored for a long 



