10 BULLETIN 305, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



History: Have members of the class prepare statements of the 

 facts as to the kinds of forest and fruit trees that have been and are 

 dying out in the community, and, if possible, state reasons. 



Arithmetic: A simple method for determining the number of feet 

 of lumber in a log is: Subtract 4 inches from the diameter of the 

 small end to allow for slab, multiply the remainder by one-half 

 itself, then by the length of the log in feet, and divide by 8. 



(1) Find the number of feet in a log 24 inches in diameter and 16 feet long. 



(2) A tree is cut into three logs each 12 feet long. The diameters for the smaller 



ends are each 36, 30, and 24 inches. Find the number of feet of lumber 

 in the tree. 



ANIMALS. 



Review and continued work. — Population studies of all kinds of 

 animals, birds, and insects are continued. 



Begin the study of a particular group of birds, say, the wood- 

 peckers or sparrows. Follow this study month by month. Some 

 of the more common woodpeckers are hairy woodpeeker, downy 

 woodpecker, nicker or yellow hammer, red-headed woodpecker, and 

 yellow-breasted sapsucker. The following outline is suggested as a 

 guide to group study for the year: (1) General form, size, and 

 appearance of each member of group; (2) color — back, head, throat, 

 breast, tail — both of males and females; (3) methods of each in 

 procuring food and what is eaten; (4) manner of climbing and 

 descending trees; (5) use of beak. What is the drum, and how and 

 when used? (6) Holes — kinds of trees, location, extent, uses; (7) 

 manner of flight; (8) resident or migrant, time of arriving and leav- 

 ing; (9) places frequented — woods, fields, yards, swamps; (10) 

 kinds of songs, notes, etc.; (11) useful, how? Harmful, how? 



Begin a month by month study of a particular group of wild 

 mammals, such as squirrels. The squirrel family includes the gray 

 squirrel, the red squirrel, the ground squirrel or chipmunk, and 

 the woodchuck or "ground hog." The following outline suggests 

 observations and studies for the year with any group of mammals 

 it is convenient to consider: 



(1) General form and size of each animal of the group. 



(2) Color of different parts — head, back, tail, under surface. 



(3) Characteristic parts peculiar to each member of the group or to the group 



as a whole — teeth, toes, and tail. 



(4) Manner of moving — on ground, climbing and descending. 



(5) Where they make homes — in hollow trees or logs, in burrows, under banks 



or rubbish. 



(6) What places they frequent — gardens, orchards, fields, woods, barns, and 



houses. 



(7) What do they eat? Manner of procuring food? 



(8) Do they store a supply of food for winter, go into a dormant or sleeping 



stage, or gather food in winter? 



(9) Are they useful? How? Harmful? How? 



(10) What are their natural enemies? 



(11) If harmful, how may they be combated? (Yearbook Separate 491, Use 



of Poisons for Destroying Noxious Mammals, Yearbook 1908, p. 421.) 



