2 BULLETIN 308_, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



because of the following qualities promises to supply much of the 

 future timber crop: (1) Quick and persistent growth, (2) vigor 

 of reproduction and high sprouting capacity during youth when 

 most susceptible to serious injury, (3) quick response to increase of 

 light secured by thinning, (4) characteristically tall, straight, and 

 clean trunk, (5) intermediate quality of the wood, which fits it 

 for a wide range of uses, and (6) the gregarious habit of the species 

 in pure stands, resulting in large yields of high-grade timber per 



acre. 



NAME. 



Shortleaf pine {Pinus echinata Mill.) is one of the important 

 southern yellow pines. 1 It is also known by various other names, 

 such as " yellow," " old field," or " rosemary " pine in the Piedmont 

 region from Virginia to the Mississippi River ; " hill " pine in Arkan- 

 sas and Louisiana; and "two-leaf" and "spruce" pine in other re- 

 gions. In the lumber market the wood is known mostly as shortleaf 

 or yellow pine. In the Central Atlantic States shortleaf and loblolly 

 are marketed under the trade name of " North Carolina " pine. In 

 other regions loblolly is usually classed, without qualification, as 

 shortleaf lumber, while shortleaf and, to a lesser extent, loblolly are 

 more or less frequently graded and sold as longleaf pine. 



In the following discussion of the annual cut, standing timber, 

 lumber prices, and market it will be necessary to refer to the total 

 southern yellow-pine cut as a basis, since there is no complete separa- 

 tion of the different species by the trade either in lumbering opera- 

 tions or in the general lumber market. 



PRESENT SUPPLY. 



The Bureau of Corporations in its report on the standing timber in 

 the United States, published January 20, 1913, 2 states that in 1909 

 there were 152,100,000,000 feet of shortleaf (throughout the report 

 shortleaf is used to include both shortleaf and loblolly) and 

 232,300,000,000 feet of longleaf pine, or a total of 384,400,000,000 

 feet of southern yellow pine, distributed as shown in Table 1. 



1 The other important pines making up the southern pine lumber are longleaf pine 

 {Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus twda Linn.). Other southern pines of 

 relatively small importance are slash pine (Pinus caribcea Morelet), sold and classed as 

 longleaf; pond pine (Pinus serotina Michx.) ; and spruce pine (Pinus glabra Walt.). 



2 The most complete timber census available. 



