SHORTLEAF PINE : IMPORTANCE AND MANAGEMENT. 11 



in Europe, especially Sweden and Norway, of the sulphate process, 

 the superior quality of paper made from resinous woods has brought 

 attention to shortleaf, along with the other southern pines, as an 

 important source of pulp in this country. 1 



With the use of either the sulphate or the soda process, the presence 

 of knots, pitch pockets, and streaks, and remnants of decayed wood 

 and bark is not very objectionable. Mill waste, consisting of slab 

 edgings and trimmings, logs and tops left in the woods, and small 

 logs which are now cut with little or no profit would supply a very 

 large amount of raw material for pulp making. It costs more, how- 

 ever, to handle and prepare slabs and pieces of irregular shape than 

 roimd pieces. Experiments 2 with longleaf pine have shown con- 

 clusively that it is well adapted for the manufacture of natural- 

 color kraft pulps and papers, equal in quality to the imported and 

 domestic kraft papers now on the market. Because of the close 

 similarity of the wood of shortleaf to that of longleaf, it seems quite 

 probable that further experiments will show a like suitability of 

 shortleaf for this class of papers, except perhaps that it may 

 produce less pulp per cord because of the difference in specific 

 gravity of the two pines. 



LUMBER INDUSTRY. 



LOGGING AND MILLING. 



The methods of logging and milling naturally show wide varia- 

 tions over a territory so extensive and representing so many different 

 market conditions. Logging is still done by oxen to a considerable 

 extent in the rougher lands of the southern Appalachians. Here the 

 spring and fall months are usually chosen for operations. Steam 

 skidders are not so much in use in logging shortleaf as in logging 

 longleaf and loblolly pines, which belong to the lower level country. 

 Teams do the majority of the hauling to the temporary logging 

 spurs. 



The small mill with a planer, located near some town center and 

 producing timber for building and general construction for the 

 neighborhood, and the portable mill are the most typical forms of 

 manufacture in the great region of second growth in the eastern 

 United States. Such mills usually have a daily capacity of 5 to 10 

 thousand feet. In the virgin pine country the mills more often rep- 

 resent a good-sized fixed investment and operating capital. The 

 equipment includes logging railroads and buildings, machinery, 



1 I'.;, led upon I'.ullctiii 72, (,'. S. Department, of Ai^rii-iill nrr, " Suitability of Longleaf 



Pine for Paper Pulp." 



2 Conducted by Poresi Product* Laboratory, Madison, Wla. 



