12 



BULLETIN" 320, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



It is interesting to note that these opinions vary with the different 

 kinds of soil. Where there is a sandy or loamy soil underlain with 

 a heavy clay subsoil, as in Maury County, Tenn., the practice of sub- 

 soiling is popular. Where the subsoil is of a loamy character, as in 

 Christian County, Ky., the practice is not considered profitable. 



Table V. — Com culture in regard to subsoiling, drainage, and tillage before 

 plowing in twenty-one regions of the United States. 



Region covered (fig. 1). 



Subsoiling. 



Drainage (farmers 

 reporting). 



Tillage before plowing. 





County and State. 



o 

 03 



ft . 



bo 



1 



03 



to 



a 



En 



si 



ft 



<c 



■a 



» 



SO 



03 

 u 

 a> 

 > 

 < 



Farmers 

 reporting — 



o 



03 



•6 



1 



M 

 03 



ft 



.■sf 



o 



+^> 

 o 

 03 

 M 



ft . 



oi a 



a 



- u 



03 



Farmers using — 



>> 



o 



to 



1 



03 



< 



00 



03 . 



.a (- 







bi 



03 



■S 



bo 



o 



hH 



A 



Tipton, Ind 



Per 



cent. 





In. 



Per 

 cent. 



Per 

 cent. 



Per 

 cent. 



Per 

 cent. 



Per 



cent. 

 100 

 100 



46.9 

 100 



20.0 



Per 



cent. 



3.4 



3.4 



3.1 



44.0 



32.0 



Per 

 cenJ. 



3.4 



Per 

 cent. 

 3.4 

 3.4 

 3.1 

 40.7 

 32.0 



Per 

 cent. 



P, 



Montgomery, Ohio 



















C 













21.9 





D 











3.4 







F, 







i 





36.0 

 34.6 

 93.3 

 68.0 

 67.9 

 38.5 

 4.0 



87.5 

 a79.0 



85.6 

 «30.0 



32.0 

 100 



9.5 

 100 



60.0 



40.0 



44.0 

 3.8 

 6.7 



12.0 

 7.1 





F 







i 









C r 



Maury, Tenn 



40.0 



Fall. 



12 



33.3 















H 



20.0 











T 







1 















J 

 F 



Christian, Ky 



15.4 



Fall. 



12 





11.5 





3.8 

 76.0 



24.6' 



3.8 

 72.0 





L 



Rockwall and 



















M 



N 



Scotland, N. C 

 Augusta, Va 



5.3 

 3.6 



Fall. 

 ...do.... 



11 

 12 



15.8 

 3.6 



5.3 

 3.6 



18.0 

 14.3 





100 



79.0 



50.0 





O 













P 





4.0 



Spring. 



14 



4.0 





8.0 





44.0 

 7.1 

 9.5 

 71.4 

 32.0 

 60.0 



9.5 

 71.4 

 16.0 



44.0 

 7.1 





q 







R 











4.8 



4.8 

 4.0 









R 



Pike, Ala . 



33.3 

 4.0 



Spring. 



10 

 11 











T 









20.0 

 60.0 



4 



TT 































<* Open ditches. 



Three principal types of drainage are practiced in the areas sur- 

 veyed, namely, surface drainage, open ditches, and tiling. Surface 

 drainage is practiced mostly in the rolling areas and where the soils 

 are low in organic matter. The principal object of such drainage 

 is to prevent erosion. This is accomplished by shallow surface 

 ditches or terraces, which convey the surface water from the fields. 

 These ditches are run with the contours and have enough fall to 

 convey the water rapidly, but not enough to cause erosion. The 

 terraces have less fall than the ditches and the water is conveyed 

 more slowly. Occasionally surface ditches are employed in the bot- 

 tom lands to carry off the surface water. In some areas the rolling 

 lands are drained by surface ditches and the bottom lands tile 

 drained, as in Tama County, Iowa. 



In Scotland County, N. C, and a part of Waushara County, Wis., 

 the low lands are drained by deep, open ditches which surround the 

 fields. These ditches collect the seepage water and answer the same 



