18 



BULLETIN 320, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



ductive soils more time is given to preparing the land before planting 

 than where the soil is less productive. 



Table VII. — Preparation of the seed bed for corn, showing tillage practices, 

 implements used after ploioing and before planting, and average number of 

 workings in twenty-one regions of the United States. 



[The key letters under "Region c6vered" refer to counties and States as follo-.vs: A=Tipton, Ind.; B= 

 Montgomery, Ohio; C=Mereer, N. J.; D= Moultrie, 111.; E=Tama, Iowa; F= Kalamazoo, Mich.; G= 

 Maury, Tenn.; H=Hartford, Conn.; 1= Bradford, Pa.; J=Christian, Ky.; K = Hamilton, Nebr.;' L= 

 Rockwall and Grayson, Tex.; M=Scotland, N. C; N= Augusta, Va.; 0"= Waushara, Wis.; P=Bales, 

 Mo.; Q= Alexandria, N.C.; R= Oklahoma, Okla.; S= Pike, Ala.; T=Holmes, Miss.; l T = Russell, Kans.j 





Harrow. 











Tu 



rn- 



To lay off rows. 









bi 



c 



Spike- 

 tooth. 



Disk. 



Spring- 

 tooth. 



Acme. 



Roller. 



Plank 

 drag. 



mg 

 plow 

 for bed- 

 ding. 



1-horse 

 single- 

 shovel 

 plow. 



Lister. 



Other im- 

 plements. 





L* 

 CD 

 > 



O 



o 



C 

 _o 



'So 

 <o 



A 



§ 

 I- 



03 



o 



< 



bi 



3 

 1 



o 



.fe 



< 



bi 



a 

 3 



a 



S3 



o 



is 



< 



bi 



a 



3 

 a 



cS 



M 



u 



o 



js 

 3 



bi 



a 



o 



bi 



.g 



: 3 



a 



(3 



u 

 O 



< 



bi 



.a 

 a 



o 



bi 



.3 



3 



a 



a 



o 



is 



3 



bi 



.g 



3 



a 



u 



C3 



o 



3 



bi 



a 

 3 



a 



(-1 



03 



o 

 3 



g 

 S 

 o 



4 



■Per \ Per 

 ciy' ct. 

 89.7,33.3 

 82. 8 30. 4 

 93.7,30.6 

 91.5,38.3 



100 5S.5 

 53.8 16. 1 

 CG.7|26.8 

 72.0 34.4 

 28.6111.3 

 80. 7 28. C 

 9S.0 03.5 

 Of'. 7 59. 4 



Per 

 ct. 

 93.1 

 69.0 

 65.0 

 91.5 

 92.0 



3.8 

 100 

 76.0 



3.6 

 100 

 84.0 



4.2 

 20.3 

 60.7 

 69.2 

 56.0 

 14.3 



9.5 



Per 

 ct. 

 3S.3 

 32.4 

 30.6 

 50.0 

 40.5 

 1.2 

 65.9 



Per 



ct. 

 13.8 

 41.4 

 40.6 



Per 

 ct. 

 4 9 



Per 



ct. 



Per 



ct. 



Prr 

 cr. 



44.8 



44.8 

 6.2 



33.8 



Per 



ct. 

 16.1 

 17.2 



1.8 

 11.7 



Per 

 ct. 

 13.8 



Per 

 ct. 



4.9 



Per 



ct. 



Per 



ct. 



Per 

 ct. 



Per 



ci. 



Per 



ct. 



Per 

 ci. 



. Per 

 ct. 

 a 6.9 



Per 



2.5 



2 S 



B 



20.0 

 14.4 









r 



18.7 



7.3 



53.2 



15.3 



















3 5 



T> 



















3 



F, 























3 



F 



100 



49.4 







96.2 

 6.7 



33.3 



4 9 























3 3 



O 



6.7 

 36.0 



2.5 

 18.0 























9 7 



"FT 



44.3 



1.4 



66.2 









8.0 



3.3 



















■> 4 



r 



100 



84.5 



7.1 



2.8 

 5.2 

 1.6 



















"> 5 



T 



























3 



"FT 











4.0 























? 5 



T, 



2.7 

 12.5 



26.5 

 39.6 















4.2 



52.6 



2.7 



22.7 







33.3 

 18.4 



21.6 

 8.0 



6 20.S 

 c26.3 



13.5 

 11.4 



1 5 



M 



13.2 

 28.6 



100 



100 

 78.6 

 52.4 



6.8 

 9.6 

 60.4 

 63. 7 

 S7.5 

 38.7 



















86. 9 



39.8 



*> 3 



N 

 o 



85.5 



54.2 







24.8 



9.6 



.... 





3.0 

 1 8 



p 



29.2 

 12.5 











16.0 



7.1 























•> 3 



Q 



R 































1 1 



























11 3 



9.7 



58 3 



6 66.7 



45.1 



1 5 



S 

























23.8 

 20.0 



41.6 

 14.7 



33.3 

 8.0 



6 



T 



TT 



52.0 



38.2 



20.0 



14.7 







4.0 



2.9 







4.0 



2.9 



28.0 



20.6 



5.7 



bioo" 



ioo" 



1.4 











































a Six -horse combination harrow and drag 



t Lister and planter combined. c Cultivators. 



METHODS OF PLANTING AND KINDS OF PLANTERS USED. 



Whether corn is planted level, on beds, or listed depends largely 

 on climatic conditions and on the type of soil. Throughout the 

 Central Western and Northern States corn is generally planted level. 

 (Table VIII.) Where land is poorly drained corn is sometimes 

 planted on beds. In the Southern and Southwestern States, where 

 light soils predominate and where hot and dry weather often pre- 

 vails during the growing season, corn is frequently planted in the 

 bottom of the furrow several inches below the surface level. This 

 process is known as listing. This furrow is usually made with a 

 double moldboard type of plow, known as a middle buster or lister 

 (fig. 4) , which throws the dirt to both sides. In the Texas, Oklahoma, 



