FARM PRACTICE IN" THE CULTIVATION OF CORK, 



37 



Fig. 29. — A 1-horse spike-tooth cultivator. 



Practically all the corn is planted level and mostly in drills 3^ 

 feet apart, with hills 2 or 3 feet apart in the drill and three or four 

 stalks per hill. Chiefly the yellow flint varieties of corn are grown. 

 After planting - , either a spike-tooth harrow or weeder is frequently 

 used for the first cultivation. The 1-horse spike-tooth (fig. 29) and 

 the 1-horse 5-shovel cultivators 

 are extensively used. The 2-horse 

 8-shovel and 6-shovel cultivators 

 are also considerably used. 



A special 2-horse cultivator, 

 equipped with sharp scrapers or 

 knives for cutting the weeds and 

 stirring the surface of the soil, is 

 largely used (fig. 30). This cul- 

 tivator was designed for culti- 

 vating tobacco, and the knives are so adjusted that they will extend 

 under the leaves and cultivate near the stalk without breaking or 

 bruising the leaves. As shown in Table XVII there is little uni- 

 formity in the cultivation methods in this section. 



Practically no cover crops are grown, and the supply of organic 



matter is largely main- 

 tained by stable manure 

 secured from the cities. 

 Immense quantities of 

 commercial fertilizers are 

 used for corn and to- 

 bacco, and about 15 tons 

 of stable manure per acre 

 are applied to the tobacco 

 land every other year. 

 Very little stable manure 

 is applied to the corn 

 land, however. 



The most prevalent weeds are ragweed, chickweed, pigweed, smart- 

 weed, wild carrot, and barnyard grass. 



SURVEYS IN BRADFORD COUNTY, PA.' 



The tillage records for Bradford County, Pa. (Table XVIII), 

 were taken neur Towanda, in the Volusia silt-loam area, which covers 

 a large pari of noil hern Pennsylvania, northeastern Ohio, and south- 

 ern New York. The soils of < his region are naturally divided into 

 two main groups, upland or hill soils and the bottom-land soils. The 

 hill or upland soils are extremely rough and rolling and are not 

 usually \ery productive. The bottom-land soils are level and very 

 fertile. 



F"ia. 30. — A 2-horse cultivator with scraper instead 

 of -hovels, used in cornfields in Hartford County, 

 Conn., and in the potato sections of New Jersey. 



