106 Descriptions of New, 



presents a peculiar dendroid marking, which also occasionally 

 occurs in sinuata, but not in the others. The peculiar large, 

 jointed spines seem to be confined to the typical form, sinuata 

 and umbonata ; at least I have not seen them in munita. 



Form monilifera. 



Polyzoary expanded, foliaceous, closely plicated, usually 

 much broader than high. Fenestrse rounded or elliptical, 

 much narrower than the interspaces. Mouth at first with 

 the lower margin entire or with a slight notch ; as growth 

 advances, the peristome of the lower lip is much produced, 

 retaining a deep narrow notch, at one angle of which a small 

 avicularium is produced. Ovicells prominent, the beaded line 

 broad, the extension upwards slightly clavate and reaching 

 nearly to the upper edge. 



This common form is confined to shallow water. On the 

 framework of the wooden pier at Queenscliff it forms large 

 masses, almost dry at low tide. The mode of growth is 

 characteristic. The polyzoary is closely plicated, forming 

 numerous narrow calycles and cavities, expanding widely 

 from its attachment and sometimes, either from a single 

 zoarium or the confluence of several, forming masses six 

 to nine inches wide and two to four or five inches high. The 

 fenestrae are generally much narrower than the interspaces. 

 In the youngest marginal cells the shape of the mouth 

 varies, the lower edge being straight, hollowed, with a small 

 central sinus, or with a deep lateral one. As growth 

 advances, a narrow central sinus is formed in the peristome. 

 On one angle of this a small avicularium is usually developed. 

 Occasionally this angle is much produced forwards, bearing 

 the avicularium on its summit. Sometimes the angles of 

 the sinus coalesce, leaving a rounded foramen, and occa- 

 sionally this also is obliterated. There is usually an 

 elliptical avicularium on the front of the cell, towards the 

 upper part, either vertical or oblique, sometimes nearly 

 central, but oftener to one side. In some specimens numerous 

 other avicularia are present, often on calcareous elevations. 

 The mandibles are of various forms, pointed, spatulate, 

 or semicircular ; one of the last frequently situated above a 

 fenestra. The beaded line of the ovicell is thick, the vertical 

 part extending to its summit, where its clavate extremity 

 is occasionally slightly elevated. Small oval or elliptical 



