PRODUCTION AND COISTSUMPTIOISr OF DAIEY PEODUCTS. 9 



URBAN POPULATION AND DEMAND FOR MARKET MILK. 



In 1910 there were 50 cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more, of which 

 19 were in the North Atlantic States and 15 in the North Central 

 States. Of the cities which had 2,500 inhabitants or more, 861 out 

 of a total of 2,405 were in the North Atlantic States and 805 in the 

 North Central States. 



This calls attention to the fact that the demand for market 

 milk is greater in these two geographic divisions. Looking at the 

 same fact from another point of view, in the New England States 

 5 out of 6 persons live ia cities of 2,500 inhabitants or more. In the 

 Middle Atlantic, 7 out of 10; in the East North Central, 1 out of 2, 

 and in the West North Central, 1 out of 3. These ratios call atten- 

 tion to the demand that there must be for market milk. 



It should also be remembered that there are a large number of 

 farms in the United States where no dairy cows are kept, and there 

 are also a large number of people living in cities or small towns of 

 less than 2,500 inhabitants. A larger percentage of the farms of the 

 North Atlantic and North Central States report dairy cows than the 

 other geographic divisions. In the South the percentage of farms 

 reporting dairy cows and the average nunaber of cows per farm is 

 small. 



In 1900 and 1910 the census gave data from which the quantity 

 of dairy products not sold off farms could be obtained. From these 

 data it is estimated that 58 per cent of the milk produced in 1910 

 was used to make factory butter and cheese, or for other uses off of the 

 farm. A siniilar percentage for 1900 was 69. Of all the butter and 

 cheese made on farms a decreasing percentage was sold; that is, the 

 production of butter and cheese on farms is primarily for home con- 

 sumption. These changes were more marked in the North Atlantic, 

 East North Central, and Pacific States than in the other geographic 

 divisions. This calls attention to the point made above, that the 

 manufacture of dairy products on farms is decreasing most rapidly 

 where the dairv' industry' is most important. 



DISPOSAL OF DAIRY PRODUCTS. 



CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT REGIONS. 



In the North Atlantic, North Central, and Pacific States dairying is 

 cairied on prijnurily ioT the sale of milk ratlu'r than for the jnanufac- 

 ture of huttor on the farm. In the Now England and Middle Atlantic 

 State's it is g<!n(Tul]y sold us market milk; wh'<le in the Nortli Central 

 Stal<!M most of it is sold on tlu; basis of ils buM<'r-fat content, the 

 great<'r part of it going to butter and cheese facl(Mi(!s. 



T.JMO"- Hull. 177— irj 2 



