AGBICULTURAL ALCOHOL IN GERMANY. ' 21 



(30,000 Morgen). It is one of the few of the numerous estates 

 belonging to the State which are not rented or leased but are man- 

 aged by the State itself. The new Botanical Garden has been 

 created from a part of the original domain. The Pharmaceutical 

 Institute and other public buildings have been erected on ground 

 formerly belonging to it. Other parts have been sold to private 

 individuals, so that at the time of the visit there was a colony of- 

 about 2,000 persons in Dahlem. Therefore, in view of the certain 

 ultimate extinction of the estate by the ever-growing city of Berlin, 

 it is natural that only such improvements should be made as are 

 necessary. 



The old homestead of the family of Wilmersdorf was erected in 

 1680 and now serves as a dwelling for the superintendent and as 

 a bureau for the clerical force. The person highest in authority is 

 the Wirklicher Geheimrath, an important government officer, who 

 resides in a villa on the estate and who is an officer of one of the 

 ministries. 



For the reasons mentioned above this estate was of special interest 

 because it shows what can be done under conditions by no means the 

 most favorable. 



At the time of the visit the area of this estate, aside from the 

 large forest, comprised 875 acres (1,400 Morgen). Of this area, 

 315 acres were under rye cultivation, 252 acres under potatoes, 150.5 

 acres under oats, 94.5 acres under beets, and 63 acres under clover 

 f.nd other green forage crops. 



The rye and oats were sold and the straw used as bedding for the 

 cows, etc. The beets, of which there were several varieties, were 

 used as fodder, especially in the winter, the leaves being fed in the 

 fall. The clover and green forage crops were fed to the cattle. 



There were 210 cows in two stables. For field work there were 

 14 yoke of oxen. There were 46 horses, 26 of which were employed 

 in the fields, 18 were used to draw the milk wagons, and 2 were used 

 for saddle purposes. Pigs, chickens, etc., were raised only for estate 

 purpo.ses. 



Because of its proximity to Berlin, the estate was operated pri- 

 marily as a dairy farm. On an average, 161. T gallons of milk were 

 obtained daily. Because of the absence of meadow lands no cattle 

 were raised. Fresh cows were purchased, and after nine months or 

 a year (monthly tests as to yield of milk being made) they were 

 sold in a fattened condition to the butcher. In like manner the oxen 

 were bought when young and after three years of service were sold 

 in a fattened coridilion without loss. 



The milk was delivered to retail customers in liciTm, and only in 

 cases of ovcffFJUpply, as, for example, during the siminicr months 

 when the customers wei-e awav on flicir siu-iil ions ;ind (Ik- smIc of il)(5 



