24 BULLETIN 182^ U. s. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



imity of the estate to Steglitz makes electrical service convenient not 

 only in the distillery but also in the creamery and in the grain shed 

 for thrashing, etc. We have here an instance in which the most 

 expensive kind of power is preferred, because it is cheaper for the 

 service to be rendered than the power obtained from the alcohol 

 manufactured as a by-product on the estate itself. 



At the time of the visit to Dahlem the personnel of the estate con- 

 sisted of 140 jDersons: Seventy " Einheimische," that is, such as are 

 at home on the estate or in the neighborhood ; and TO " Auswartige," 

 that is, imported labor (largely Poles). There was a superintend- 

 ent and three assistants. The superintendent is a sort of engineer 

 who has general charge of the machinery. To this he can direct more 

 of his time during the summer months. When the distilling opera- 

 tion is but twofold the distillations are ended by noon or shortly 

 thereafter, so that his afternoons are available. When the operation 

 is fourfold the working day lasts from 5.30 in the morning to 6.30 in 

 the afternoon without interruption. It is estimated that the dis- 

 tillery is operated about 50 days. 



DAHLEWITZ. 



The station of Dahlewitz lies about 12 miles south of the Potsdam 

 Belt Line Station of Berlin (Potsdammering). A 15-minute walk 

 from the local station brings one to the former " Rittergut " or ma- 

 norial estate. 



At the time of the liberation of the serfs the original estate was 

 partly parceled out. One-fourth was assigned to the village, an- 

 other fourth to the former serfs, and the remainder, roughly esti- 

 mated, constitutes the present estate. This was bought about 1879 

 for the present owner. At that time the distillery was reequipped, a 

 large brick warehouse was constructed for grain, press cake, etc., and 

 at the time of the visit a part of the old homestead was being rebuilt. 

 It was said that the buildings on the farms, with their equipment, 

 represented as large a value as that of the land. 



The estate comprised 1,360 acres (550 hectares), of which, however, 

 about 123 acres were leased to others. Of the remaining 1,237 acres, 

 1.114 acres were under cultivation, and 123 acres were used as 

 meadow. These figures do not include the forest land belonging to 

 the estate. 



Of the 1,114 acres of cultivated land, 395 were for potatoes, 370 

 for winter rye, 247 for barley and summer oats, and 102 for clover, 

 beets, etc. One acre of potato land yields about 297 bushels of 

 potatoes, making a total of 117,315 bushels for the entire area culti- 

 vated. Of this amount, about one-third were small and defective 

 potatoes, which were used in the distillery. Of the remaining two- 

 thirds of the crop, part was sold, part kept for seed potatoes, and 



