32 BULLETIN 182, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTUEE. 



by side, therefore, with a rational modern equipment one finds in 

 the experimental distillery at Weihenstephan a modified hand equip- 

 ment — that is, a small plant run in part by machinery and with a 

 still operated by steam and not by direct fire. The object of this 

 equipment is not to encourage the farmers to introduce even this 

 improvement on their antiquated equipment, but to demonstrate 

 that with their inefficient system of management they secure only 

 a part of the alcohol which they ought to get. Even when this 

 modified plant is operated imder the most favorable conditions 

 imaginabje, the maximum yield on the average is but 10 per cent, 

 instead of 12. 



In addition to this small apparatus, the new experimental distil- 

 lery is equipped with an outfit which has a mash-tub capacity of 

 275 gallons, worked on the single-operation basis. A threefold oper- 

 ation is possible and would be more rational. 



PERLACH. 



Perlach is a village 10 miles southeast from Munich, lying in the 

 same broad valley in which that city is located. The Bavarian Alps, 

 30 miles to the south, form a beautiful panorama. The valley is 

 covered with but a thin layer of soil, beneath which is gravel. 



The light soil about Munich is especially adapted to potato culti- 

 vation, the Freising edible potato being especially esteemed. This 

 soil needs considerable manure, which accounts for the fact that 

 the development of the alcohol industry about Munich since 1850 

 has been in connection with the dairv farm and with the cultivation 

 of potatoes. 



Perlach afforded an especially favorable opportunity for study- 

 ing in a practical way the conditions in Bavaria. The distilleries 

 here found were of three classes: (1) Four small distilleries (the so- 

 called fusel distilleries), (2) three medium distilleries with stills 

 operated by steam rather than by direct fire, and (3) one coopera- 

 tive distillery (Genossenschaftsbrennerei), the largest in Bavaria. 

 These three classes, therefore, which mainly come into consideration 

 in Bavaria, could here be studied side by side, which was exceed- 

 ingly satisfactory, because a direct comparison under like conditions 

 was thus made possible. Had they been separated by only a short 

 distance, minor factors might have entered which would have been 

 difficult to balance properly. 



One of the four fusel distilleries was visited first. Concerning the 

 estate on which this distillery was located a number of details were 

 secured. The farm consists of 84 acres of plowed land (100 Tage- 

 werk) and somewhat less than 33 acres (40 Tagewerk) of meadow 

 and forest. About one-third of the cultivated area, that is, 25 acres, 

 was planted with potatoes, the harvest of the previous season having 



