DEMUEEAGE INPOEMATION" FOE FAEMEES. 3 



thing as ''free time." Every hour beyond that actually needed for 

 loading and unloading cars is costly and usually the cost is borne 

 ultimately by the man who clamors most loudly for more "free time." 



REGULATION BY THE STATES. 



As in the case of other practices of the railroads, the collection of 

 demurrage came to be attended with so many discriminations in 

 favor of the big shippers that one State after another took up the 

 question. Forty-five of the 48 States — all except Delaware, Utah, 

 and Wyoming — have a railroad commission or similar body exercising 

 regulatory powers over the railroads. 



In 12 of the States — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, 

 Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, 

 South Dakota, and Vermont — demurrage is regulated by statute. 

 The Connecticut statute merely provides four days free time for 

 loading and unloading, but in actual practice the uniform demurrage 

 code ^ is applied on State traflB.c. The Vermont statute makes the 

 same provision as to free time, but in other particulars the uniform 

 code appHes. In some States — California, Texas, and Wisconsin, 

 for example — demurrage regulation is partly by statute* and partly 

 by orders of the commission, or the statute empowers the commission 

 at its discretion to modify the details of the statute. States of that 

 kind are listed in the appendix as regulating demurrage by orders of 

 the commission. 



In 23 of the States — Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, 

 Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Mon- 

 tana, New Hampshire, North Carohna, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, 

 South Carohna, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wis- 

 consin — demurrage is regulated by positive orders of the commission. 

 In the following 10 of these States the commission has adopted the 

 uniform code for intrastate traffic: Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisi- 

 ana, Maryland, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, 

 and Wisconsin. 



In Nevadalhc roads apply the uniform code on State traffic, which 

 the State commission has approved and recommended, but has not 

 made compulsory. The commissions of Maine, Massachusetts, and 

 Rhode Island, in so far as the regulation of intrastate demurrage is 

 committed to them, have accepted the application of the uniform 

 code by the roads. Th(5 commissions of Illinois and Pennsylvania 

 are authorized by statute to prcsscribe demun'ago rules and regula- 

 tions within their respective States, but up to the present time they 

 have taken no action. The essential features of the uniform code, 



' Th»! axln ck/|opU^<i by thrj National AHSociutioii of Railway CommLssionors, Indorsed by llio Anwriciin 

 Railway AssiKiiutlon, and approved by the Interstate (Jommorco CominLssion. 8oe wictlon entitled "Inter- 

 8tat<- RcKiilution " on pa^o 4. 



