COMMEECIAL CANNING OF FOODS. 



49 



and overheated fruit is easily determined under the microscope. In the former case 

 it is rare to have more than one or two pieces in a can, and then only in occasional 

 cans. "WTien due to prolonged heating, more pieces and cans show this defect in 

 appearance. 



Plums (Prunus domestica). 



Several varieties of plums are used in canning, the popular ones being the green 

 gage, the yellow egg, and the Lombard. The fruit is gathered just as it is beginning 

 to turn soft, and the preliminary treatment is the same as for apricots. The California 

 plums are graded for size, being run over screens having openings 32, 40, 48, and 56 

 thirty-seconds of an inch in diameter. They are washed, and the imperfect or spotted 

 fruit picked out; ordinarily the plum is not peeled. The cans are then filled, some 

 care being necessary in placing the plums so that the fill will be uniform. Hot sirup 

 is added, and the cans processed at 212° F. for from 8 to 14 minutes. 



Effect of vai~ying degrees of sirup on green gage and yellovj egg plums. 



Density of sirup 



Gross 



Weight of 



Weight of 



Weight of 



Brix 



Reduc- 



Sucrose. 



Acidity. 



(degrees). 



weight. 



contents. 



fruit. 



sirup. 



reading. 



ing sugar. 



Green gage plums; 



















weight of fruit, 350 



















grams. No. 2 can; 



















examined Oct. 23, 



















1912, Apr. 11,1913, 













Grams 



Grams 



Grams 



Mar. 26, 1914: 



Grams. 



Grams. 



Grams. 



Grams. 



Degrees. 



per 100 cc. 



per 100 cc. 



per 100 cc. 





695 

 685 

 690 



595 



328 



267 



8.9 



4.00 



1.54 



0.90 



"Water 



585 

 590 



305 

 390 



280 

 200 



8.9 

 9.3 



4.87 

 5. 48 



.13 

 .01 



.93 





■ .91 





700 



600 



335 



265 



13.4 



7.75 



1.43 



.94 



10 



700 

 700 



600 

 600 



330 

 340 



270 

 260 



13.7 

 13.3 



7.87 

 9.20 



1.54 

 .14 



.88 





.92 





705 



605 



330 



275 



16.8 



8.37 



4.63 



.92 



20 



707 

 690 



607 

 590 



335 

 340 



272 

 250 



16.5 

 16.7 



10.75 

 12.23 



1.19 

 .29 



.91 





.92 





712 



612 



327 



285 



21.2 



10. 75 



7.50 



.93 



30 



715 



725 



615 



625 



330 

 335 



285 

 290 



22.4 

 22.1 



13.00 

 17. 38 



4.63 

 .79 



.85 





.82 





735 



635 



320 



315 



26.9 



11.87 



10.80 



.91 



40 



730 

 730 



630 

 630 



320 

 350 



310 



280 



27.0 

 26.5 



17.00 

 22.76 



5.70 

 .20 



.86 





.91 





742 



642 



305 



337 



32.4 



16.75 



13.06 



.83 



50 



737 

 755 



637 

 655 



305 

 360 



382 

 290 



32.8 

 31.8 



23.75 

 26.25 



2.14 

 1.13 



.92 





.88 





755 



655 



307 



348 



36.6 



16. 51 



16.51 



.85 



60 



755 

 I 700 



655 

 600 



310 

 345 



345 

 315 



37.6 

 36.4 



22.00 

 30.90 



10. 93 

 2.02 



.78 





.92 



Yellow egg plurrLs; 



















weight of fruit, 500 



















grams. No. 2J can: 



















Water 



/ 1,010 



870 



540 



330 



1(1. 6 



5. 25 



.00 



1.24 





\ 1,002 



862 



525 



337 



10.3 



5. 37 



. ;i6 



1.24 





f 1,040 



900 



595 



325 



It. 1 



5. 25 



2.14 



1.42 



10 



■", 1,022 

 1 1,040 



882 

 900 



575 

 625 



307 

 275 



14.5 

 15.9 



7. 25 

 10.54 



.71 

 .00 



1.38 





1.37 





1,035 



895 



675 



320 



16.3 



10.00 



.71 



1.31 



20 



I 1,037 

 1 1,035 



897 

 895 



572 

 600 



325 

 295 



16.2 

 16.8 



10. 5 

 11.94 



.48 

 .00 



1.19 





1.29 





f 1,040 



900 



575 



325 



22.0 



9. 75 



5. 91 



.93 



30 



{ 1,035 

 1,035 



895 

 895 



580 

 595 



315 

 300 



21.4 

 21.9 



12.5 

 17.90 



5. 23 

 . 17 



1.19 





.80 



40 



j 1,0«.5 

 \ 1 , 0.V) 



92.5 



530 



;',95 



25. 5 



17.75 



3. 56 



.79 



910 



570 



340 



25.9 



22. 10 



.00 



.88 





\,m) 



> 1,047 



920 



475 



415 



31.4 



13. (K) 



9. 97 



.76 



50. 



!X)7 



507 



4(K) 



30. 2 



21.75 



.71 



.79 





I i,fK;5 



925 



510 



415 



31.6 



29. 22 



.00 



.76 



Oriwn ga^tf! plum.s, 



















3f)» simp: 



















400 grams 



<.P<2 



842 



335 



507 



24. 



12.0 



8.77 



.07 



4.V)Krnmfl 



v.n 



857 



402 



455 



22.5 



11.2 



9. 03 



.83 



50fj grnnui 



i,oeo 



920 



430 



4!K) 



22. 8 



12.5 



5. 22 



.84 



6-W) grams' 



i,(m 



H<H) 



375 



57.5 



21.0 



0.0 



8.K2 



.98 



I Knill, crii.sliwl, would nut. ilr:iiii properly. 

 79258"- liull. 190—15 4 



