8 BULLETIN 229, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 7. — Exports of spirits of turpentine and turpentine and rosin by decimal years, 



1860-1900— Continued . 





1870 



1860 



State. 



Spirits of 

 turpentine. 



Turpen- 

 tine and 

 rosin. 



Spirits of 

 turpentine. 



Turpen- 

 tine and 

 rosin. 





Gallons. 

 462 

 1,965 



Barrels. 

 885 

 76 



Gallons. 



Barrels. 

 500 





1,280 

 640 



2 



Connecticut 



10 





90 



518 



519 



8,423 



41 



30,626 



11,435 



32 



1 



464,538 



33,212 



1 



3,063 







137 

 11,197 



134 





7,558 



18,909 

 160 







6,104 

 52,511 



38,080 

 123,163 



20,268 





16,605 

















796,824 

 2,042,756 



2,816,768 

 736,948 



562,253 





77,851 



Ohio 





544 



25,511 



200 



315,099 



19,845 





534 





337,530 

 273 



25,279 



318 



2 



4,347 



50, 753 











80 





80 



3,000 



2,748 







Total 



3,246,697 



583,316 



4,072,023 



770,652 







Note. — The exports of turpentine and rosin from a State bear no relation to the amounts actually pro- 

 duced within the State, but to the possession of shipping centers for the naval stores trade. 



COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION OF PRODUCTS. 



TURPENTINE. 



Paints and varnishes. — The greater portion of the turpentine pro- 

 duced finds its way into paints and varnishes. The three mam classes 

 of varnishes are spirit varnishes, linseed-oil varnishes, and turpentine 

 varnishes. The turpentine varnishes are made by dissolving resins, 

 such as amber, copal, etc., in hot turpentine and are tough and flex- 

 ible. Linseed-oil varnishes are often diluted with turpentine. 



Turpentine is used in paints and varnishes chiefly as a thinner, of 

 which the properties demanded are solvent action, oxidizing power, 

 penetration, and proper evaporation. 



Print goods. — Turpentine finds an important use in the manufac- 

 ture of cotton and woolen print goods in preventing "bleeding, " or 

 running together of colors, where several colors arc printed at the 

 same time. It also prevents the color from penetrating the fabric, 

 which is particularly important in the case of woolen goods if uneven- 

 ness of the material is to be avoided. 



Camphor. — Many attempts have been made to produce camphor 

 from turpentine on a commercial scale, but so far none has been 

 entirely successful. However, terpineol, terpin hydrate, and similar 

 bodies are manufactured from turpentine in considerable quantities. 



Rubber industry. — Turpentine is important as a solvent for rubber, 

 caoutchouc, and similar substances. 



