8 



BULLETIN" 234, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



hard shell on the outside. The principal damage to standing dead 



timber comes from checking, which impairs its value for saw purposes, 



but not for none timbers and poles. In one stand of lodgepole pine 



on the Beartooth National Forest, Mont., where the timber was killed 



by fire in 1893, a sawmill is now at work cutting rough lumber for 



local use. 



SIZE AND CONTENTS OF VARIOUS PRODUCTS. 



Table 5 gives the sizes of the various lodgepole-pine products and the 

 contents of the average pieces of each class in cubic feet and board 

 feet. Material under 6 inches in diameter has been converted from 

 cubic feet to board feet by using the factor 4. 



Table 5. — Sizes and contents of various products of lodgepole pine. 



Product. 



Dimensions. 



Cubic 

 feet 

 equiv- 

 alent. 1 



Board 

 feet 

 equiv- 

 alent. 



Number 

 of pieces 

 per 1,000 



board 



feet. 



Fuel 



Ties (pole ties) 



Telephone poles 



Derrick poles 



Converter poles 



Fence poles 



Fence posts, round 



Fence stays 



Do 



Lagging, round 



Mine props 



Round material, cubic feet, average log 



Do 



Do 



Round material, linear feet 



Do 



Do 



Do 



x4' x8' 



to 8", 8" to 10" face, 8' long 2 



to 6" x 22" s 



x 30' ' 



to4"x24' 



"xl6' 



to 6" x 7' 



x6' 



X6' 



' x 16' 



X 14' 



to 16' 



to 16' 



'to 16' 



xl' 



xl' 



"xl' 



xl'... 



82.42 



6 



5.9 

 15 



3 



1 



1.4 

 .21 

 .67 



1 



2.7 



4.3 



7.1 

 25.2 



.545 



.785 



330 

 30 

 24. 

 60 

 12 



4 



6 



2" 



4 



11 



20 



30 



160 



2.5 

 3.5 



3 



33 



42 



17 



83 



250 



167 



2,000 



500 



250 



91 



50 



33 



400 

 286 



1 Cubic foot equivalent is taken from Table I, Graves's Forest Mensuration, p. 107. 



2 These are Union Pacific specifications, but they are not always rigidly enforced. Ties fulfilling speci- 

 fications would scale about 37 board feet each. Actual scale of ties in several places shows average contents 

 to vary tgaxa 22.5 to 37 board feet. An average of 30 board feet per tie for the region is reasonable. 



3 This size used locally by ranchers. 



