10 



BULLETIN 234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 7. — Approximate total cut of lodgepole pine by States for year ending June SO, 



1913. 



[The figures include the cut from private as well as from National Forest lands.] 



State. 



Total 

 cut of 

 lodge- 

 pole 

 pine. 



Mine 

 tim- 

 bers. 



Saw 

 timber. 



Cord- 

 wood. 



Rail- 

 road 

 ties. 



Fenc- 



Mis- 

 cella- 

 neous. 



Montana 



Colorado 



Wyoming 



Utah 



Idaho 



Oregon 



Washington 



California 



Total 



Total cut from private lands 

 Per cent from private lands. 



1,000 



bd.ft. 



30, 497 



15,680 



14,523 



10, 753 



6,880 



1,916 



1,765 



236 



1,000 



bd.ft. 



14,632 



4,737 



3,236 



1,955 



167 



43 



1,000 

 bd.ft. 

 2,805 

 5,881 

 7,646 

 1,808 

 1,273 

 64 



1,000 

 bd.ft. 

 8,554 



387 

 1,246 

 90 

 2,624 

 1,048 

 1,582 



120 



1,000 



bd. ft. 



108 



4,483 



1,622 



6,842 



494 



222 



1.000 



bd.ft. 



4,083 



125 



697 



58 



1,349 



498 



182 



82,250 



24,770 



19,563 



15,651 



13,771 



6,992 



18, 725 

 22.8 



3,i 



15.4 



4,815 

 24.6 



304 

 1.9 



9,662 

 70.2 



115 

 1.6 



1.000 

 bd.ft. 

 315 

 67 

 76 



973 



41 



1 



30 



1,503 



25 

 1.7 



METHODS OF LUMBERING. 



Lodgepole-pine stands are logged with horses, steam logging being 

 impracticable because of the small size of the timber and the small 

 stand per acre. The ordinary lumbering operation may be divided 

 into four parts: (1) Felling the trees and cutting them into logs, ties, 

 mine timbers, and other products; (2) skidding the material to haul- 

 ing roads and hauling on wagons or sleds to a flume, river, chute, or 

 railroad, and, in some cases, direct to the mill; (3) fluming, driving, 

 or railroading the material to the mill or market; and (4) milling. 

 Cutting and skidding are done mainly in the summer and fall and 

 driving and fluming in the spring. Railroad hauling may of course 

 be carried on at any season. The exact methods adopted for each 

 part of the lumbering operation differ with local conditions and the 

 class of material handled. 



FELLING AND CUTTING. 



Saw logs are cut in the usual manner by a two-man crew that fells 

 the tree, trims the branches, and cuts the stem into log lengths. In 

 average timber such a crew will cut from 4,500 to 5,000 board feet, 

 log scale, per day. 



Tie trees — that is, trees from 11 to 15 inches in diameter, breast- 

 high — are felled and hewed into ties by one man, who uses a single 

 crosscut saw for felling and a broadax for hewing. The trees are 

 marked into 8-foot lengths and hewed along two parallel faces to the 

 proper dimensions. The bark is then peeled from the upper side, and 

 the portion of the tree suitable for ties is cut up into the proper lengths. 

 If the tree is a large one the tie cutter ordinarily cuts one saw log 

 from the butt, while the top portion is left in the round and utilized 

 for mine timbers. On the basis of figures for 15 trees, averaging 12.1 



