UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LODGEPOLE PINE. 



11 



inches in diameter, with, three ties to a tree, a tie maker produces 

 about 21.5 ties in 8 hours' work with a distribution of time per tie 

 as follows : 



Felling 



Trimming and making 



Scoring 



Hewing 



Peeling (top side) 



Sawing 



Peeling (underside) 



Time per 



Per cent 



tie. 



of total. 



Minutes. 





1.6 



7.2 



1.1 



4.9 



3.4 



15.2 



4.2 



18.8 



1.2 



5.4 



2.6 



11.7 



2.2 



9.8 



Time lost between trees 



Sharpening tools 



Strip road building 



Parking ties 



Total 



Time per 

 tie. 



Minutes. 

 1.2 

 1.2 

 1.0 

 2.5 



22.3 



Per cent 

 of total. 



5.4 

 5.4 

 4.5 

 11.7 



100 



Often he cuts the saw-log trees, or at least the smaller ones, as 

 well as the tie trees. In tie operations it is the usual practice to lay 

 out the timber in parallel strips from 100 to 150 feet wide, each of 

 which is assigned to a tie cutter. A road is then cut through the 

 middle of each strip or, if the topography does not permit this, 

 between every two strips. The choppers usually dispose of the brush, 

 although this may be done by a separate crew. 



In a typical tie operation on the Uinta National Forest, in Utah, 

 the specifications provided for ties 8 feet long, from 7 to 8 inches 

 thick, with from 8 to 10 inches face. Seven-inch faces were allowed 

 in not to exceed 20 per cent of the first-class ties. Cull ties were 

 required to have a minimum face of 6 inches, but had to meet the 

 other specifications as to length and thickness. The stand in which 

 the cutting was done averaged slightly less than 12,000 board feet 

 per acre, with 72 per cent suitable for hewed ties, 18.5 per cent for 

 saw logs, and 9.5 per cent for mine timbers. From 126 to 460 ties, 

 or an average of 228, were secured per acre. The "tie hacks" were 

 required to construct the roads through the middle of the 100-foot 

 strips and also to park the ties along these roads, but were not required 

 to dispose of the brush. They were paid 14 cents for first-class and 7 

 cents for cull ties, but were not paid for rejects. At the final inspec- 

 tion the product of the cutting was shown to be 97 per cent first-class 

 ties, 2.5 per cent culls, and 0.5 per cent rejects. Thus the average 

 price paid to the cutters per tie amounted to 13.7 cents. The cutters 

 received $1.50 per thousand board feet for saw logs over 13 inches in 

 diameter, though ordinarily the portion of the tree over 13 inches 

 was made into ties like the rest. The ties, which were unusually 

 large, showed an average scale of 37 board feet each, or 27 pieces to 

 the thousand board feet. At a treating plant at Laramie, Wyb., 150 

 ties gave an average scale of 28.2 board feet each, or 35.5 pieces per 

 thousand board feet. Some 2,000 ties scaled on the Bighorn National 

 Forest, in Wyoming, averaged 26 board feet per tie, and an equal 

 number on the Arapahoe Forest, Colo., averaged 22.5 board feet. 



