6 BULLETIN 244, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



the shortleaf-hardwood mixed forest ascends the mountain slopes 

 to about 2,000 feet. The prevailing associates west of the Mississippi 

 River are oaks and hickories, particularly yellow oak, bitternut and 

 pignut hickories; on the dry ridges post and black-jack oaks; and 

 in the fresher soils white and red oaks, big-bud or mocker-nut hickory, 

 and red gum. 1 The commercial importance of all the hardwoods 

 typically associated with shortleaf is comparatively small, except 

 white oak in the region of its better development. Several inferior 

 species, including persimmon, sassafras, and dogwood, are nearly 

 everywhere represented in the mixture. 



Table 2. — Forest composition of the Arkansas and Ozark National Forests. 1 





Arkansas National Forest. 2 



Ozark National Forest. 3 



Species. 



Total stand. 



Per 



centage 



of 



total 



stand. 



Diameter. 



Total stand. 



Per 

 centage 





Average. 



Maxi- 

 mum. 



of 



total 

 stand. 





Boardfeet. 



1,500,000,000 



300, 000, 000 



100,000,000 



350, 000 



3,348,000 



96,302,000 



75. 00 



15. 00 



5.00 



.02 



1.67 



3.31 



Inches. 

 18 

 17 

 16 

 16 

 16 



Inches. 

 34 

 36 

 18 

 18 

 22 



Boardfeet. 



108, 890, 000 



605, 925, 000 



252, 809, 000 



40,271,000 



63,248,000 



1,174,000 



10.15 





56.51 





23. 57 



Hickory 



3.76 





5.90 





.11 











Total 



2, 000, 000, 000 



100.00 







1,032,317,000 



100.00 











1 Figures for the Arkansas Forest secured during reconnaissance in 1913. Figures for Ozark Forest from 

 Bulletin 106, Forest Service, " Wood-Using Industries and National Forests of Arkansas." 



2 Area of Forest, 750,000 acres. 



3 Area of Forest, 481,575 acres. 



The percentage of shortleaf is relatively small in the Ozark, which 

 is farther north, and increases outside of both Forests because of the 

 lower elevations and warmer situations. 



Under virgin conditions the progressive changes within this mixed 

 type resemble in some respects those that occur with white pine. 

 By the thinning or removal of the valuable shortleaf pine, oppor- 

 tunity has been afforded for the more rapid reproduction of tolerant 

 hardwoods already on the ground. Thus, some territory formerly 

 dominated by shortleaf in mixture is now held almost exclusively by 

 hardwoods. 



1 Names of hardwoods mentioned: 

 Big-bud hickory (Hicoria alba Britt.). 

 Black gum ( Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.). 

 Black-jack oak (Quercus rnarilaidica Miionchh. ). 

 Dogwood (Cornus florida Linn.). 

 Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus Linn.). 

 Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana Linn.). 

 Pignut hickory {Hicoria glabra Britt.). 

 Post oak (Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg.). 



Bed gum ( Liquidambar sturacillun Linn.). 

 Red maple (Acer nibrum Linn.). 

 Red oak (Quercus rubra Linn.). 

 Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras (Linn.) Karst.). 

 Scarlet oak (Quercus cocciiua Muenchh.). 

 Spanish oak (Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudw.). 

 White oak (Quercus alba Linn.). 

 Yellow oak (Quercus vclutina Lam.). 



