LIFE HISTORY OF SHORTLEAF PINE. 



27 



the former generation embedded at their bases. (Fig. 10.) In most 

 cases fire has been the cause of the sprouting, and since both the inclu- 

 sion of charred stubs and the size of the core can readily be ascer- 



Very resinous heart" 



Fire killed stub enclosed 



Lateral root 



Ta p root 





FrG. 10. — Vertical section through base of 18-year-old, thrifty shortleaf pine of coppice origin, inclosing stub 

 of parent stem. (From photograph.) 



tained, if present, by an examination of the extreme base of the tree, 

 these marks embedded similarly in a number of trees selected at 

 random will serve to confirm the coppice origin of the whole stand. 

 An indication of origin may be seen in low-cut stumps x in logging 



1 In Arkansas 6 to 9 inches high for small trees and 1 foot for the larger ones are customary heights. 



