SO BULLETIN" 249, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



It should be borne in mind, however, that some of the requirements 



which they contain are necessarily tentative and will probably be 



modified as experience demonstrates what methods of construction 



produce the best results. 



APPENDIX. 



Typical Specifications for Grading, Building all Necessary Drainage Struc- 

 tures, and Surfacing With Concrete the Road. 



LOCATION. 



The work referred to in these specifications is to be done on the road, 



beginning at and extending in a direction through to 



, a distance of miles. 



WORK TO BE DONE. 



The contractor shall do all clearing and grubbing, make all excavations and 

 embankments, do all shaping and surfacing, construct all drainage structures 

 and other appertaining structures, move all obstructions in the line of the work, 

 and, unless otherwise provided in these specifications, shall furnish all equip- 

 ment, materials, and labor for the same. In short, the contractor shall build 

 said road in strict accordance with the plans and specifications and shall leave 

 the work in neat and finished condition. 



PLANS AND DRAWINGS. 



The plans, profiles, cross sections, and drawings on file in the office of 



at show the location, profile, details, and dimensions of the work which 



is to be done, and shall be considered as a part of these specifications. The 

 work shall be constructed according to the above-mentioned plans, profiles, 

 cross sections, and drawings. Any variation therefrom, as may be required 

 by the exigencies of construction, will in all cases be determined by the 

 engineer. On all drawings figured dimensions are to govern in cases of dis- 

 crepancies between scale and figures. 



GRADING. 



Grading shall include all excavating, filling, borrowing, trimming, picking 

 down, shaping, sloping, and all other work that may be necessary in bringing 

 the road to the required grade, alignment, and cross section ; the clearing out 

 of waterways and old culverts; the excavation of all necessary drainage and 

 outlet ditches; the grading of a proper connection with all intersecting high- 

 ways; the grubbing up and clearing away of all trees, stumps, and boulders 

 within the lines of the improvement, and the removal of any muck, soft clay, 

 or spongy material which will not compact under the roller so as to make a 

 firm unyielding subgrade. 



All trees, stumps, and roots within the limits of the improvement shall be 

 grubbed up so that no part of them shall be within six (6) inches of the 

 .surface of the ground or within eighteen (18) inches of the surface of the 

 subgrade, except that, if they occur in an area to be covered by a fill more than 

 eighteen (18) inches in depth, they shall be grubbed up or cut off even with 

 the present surface of the ground. 



Embankments shall be formed of good sound earth or stone and carried up 

 full width. The material shall be deposited in layers not more than one (1) 

 foot in thickness and each layer shall be rolled until thoroughly compacted 



