UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

 BULLETIN No. 229 



Contribution front the Forest Service 

 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 



Washington, D. C. 



W 



July 28, 1915. 



THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY 



By 



A. W. SCHORGER, Chemist, and H. S. BETTS, 

 Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory 



CONTENTS 



Need for Improved Methods 1 



History of the Industry in the United States 2 



Statistics of Production 3 



Commercial Utilization of Products ... 8 

 Formation and Flow of Resin in the Living 



Tree 10 



Principles Underlying the Distillation of 



Crude Gum 12 



Commercial Methods of Collecting Crude 



Gum 14 



Relative Yields Secured from Cups and 



Boxes 22 



Relative Amounts of Scrape Formed by 



the Box and Cup Systems 23 



Relative Yields from Different Depths and 



Heights of Chipping 24 



Effect of Turpentine Operations on Timber 25 

 Quality of Gum from Boxed and Cupped 



Timber 27 



Commercial Distillation of Crude Gum . 27 

 French Methods of Collecting Gum . . 32 



French Distillation Methods 35 



Comparison Between Direct and Steam- 

 Heated Stills 39 



The Supply of Longleaf Pine for Turpen- 

 tine Operations 40 



Possibilities of Western Pines as a Source 



of Naval Stores 44 



Special Problems Investigated — Arizona 

 and California Western Yellow Pine . 47 



Suggestions for Specifications 49 



Packing Naval Stores 50 



Cost Estimates on a 20-crop Turpentine 



Operation 51 



Publications Relating to the Naval Stores 



Industry 53 



Patents Relating to the Naval Stores In- 

 dustry 56 



WASHINGTON 

 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1915 



