10 BULLETIN 332, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



The American growers will need to recognize this feature of the 

 market for Egyptian cotton if they expect to secure full value for 

 their product. While the American crop remains small, it is of the 

 utmost importance that the quality be kept uniform from year to 

 year. 



It is possible to maintain this uniformity of type in the American 

 crop if the growers exercise proper care in the selection of seed for 

 planting. Unless the seed is selected carefully and consistent effort 

 is made by good tillage and careful picking to maintain uniformly 

 high quality in the crop, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to 

 maintain the new industry on a profitable basis. 



EARLY ATTEMPTS TO ESTABLISH EGYPTIAN-COTTON GROWING 

 IN THE UNITED STATES. 



The Department of Agriculture on several occasions prior to 1900 

 imported seed of Egyptian cotton and distributed it in small lots to 

 farmers throughout the cotton belt. This procedure did not result in 

 establishing the industry in any locality, a fact that ceased to be sur- 

 prising when the necessity for community action in the commercial 

 production of a new type of cotton came to be appreciated. The tests 

 of the imported seed in various localities gave varying results as to 

 yield and quality of the fiber produced, but serious difficulties were 

 always encountered in communities where Upland cotton was already 

 being grown. Some of these difficulties may be stated as follows : 



(1) Pickers disliked the small bolls, which made it appear that picking would 

 be much more difficult and expensive than in the case of the big-boiled Upland 

 types which are generally popular in the South. 



(2) Only saw gins were available for separating the fiber from the seed, and 

 as a result the fiber was invariably injured in ginning. 



(3) Marketing small lots of a new type of fiber, with which the local buyers 

 were unfamiliar, was found to be extremely difficult.- 



(4) The Egyptian cotton was grown in the neighborhood of fields of Upland 

 cotton, and consequently it was found impossible to keep the seed pure. 



The seed of several of the best varieties grown in Egypt was im- 

 ported in larger quantities by Mr. David Fairchild following his 

 visit to that country in 1900 as an agricultural explorer for the 

 Department of Agriculture. 1 Dr. H. J. Webber, then in charge of 

 the plant-breeding work with cotton in the Department of Agricul- 

 ture, undertook systematic tests of these varieties during the next two 

 or three years at various localities in the cotton belt and in irrigated 

 districts of the Southwest. In the main cotton belt fairly favorable 



1 The first planting of Egyptian cotton in Arizona appears to have been made with 

 some of this seed, which was sent to Dr. A. J. Chandler, of Mesa, Ariz. This was a 

 year or two before the beginning of experimental work with this crop in Arizona by the 

 Department of Agriculture. 



