16 BULLETIN 333, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Among these may be listed construction timber in bridges — there are 

 only two actually recorded cases, one near Cambridge, Mass. (H. A. 

 Hagen), and the other near Cleveland, Ohio (F. L. Odenbach) — 

 wharves, and like structures ; telephone and telegraph poles and poles 

 used by electrical and other companies (in New York, New Jersey, 

 Pennsylvania, West Virginia, southern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, 

 Missouri, Nebraska, California, 1 and in general the Southern 

 States 2 ) ; hop and bean poles; mine props and other timbers on the 

 slope of incline mines (in West Virginia and Alabama) ; posts, lower 

 rails, and boarding of fences ; lumber piled on the ground ; crossties 

 (New Jersey, Virginia, Maryland, and the Southern States) ; im- 

 properly creosoted wood paving blocks (used as flooring in a factory 

 building in Atlanta, Ga. ; the wooden boxing or conduits of cables in 

 the ground, to the detriment of the insulation; the woodwork in 

 wells; wooden silo tanks; the ridge poles of tents, and tent pins (in 

 desert near Boise, Idaho) ; wooden tree boxes; wooden beehives (near 

 Shelby ville, Tenn.), the last being infested through wooden cross- 

 pieces lying on the ground. 



According to F. H. Chittenden much injury is done by white ants 

 (lucifugus) in hopyards. The dead roots, trellis poles made of red- 

 wood, and pine string pegs are attacked in California. 



There is evidence that termites not only injure man's habitations 

 while alive, but also infest the last resting place of man on this earth, 

 namely the pine boxes and coffins of the dead. Derry records exten- 

 sive damage to skulls and bones generally by termites in graves in 

 Egypt and Nubia, 3 and these insects have been observed in several 

 localities swarming in cemeteries. Furthermore, they often burrow 

 deep into the earth, especially where they can follow down decaying 

 wood, as in the woodwork of wells, etc. G. A. Dean, entomologist of 

 the Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans., states that 

 McCulloch observed a swarm of termites in a cemetery at Anthony, 

 Kans., on January 19, 1914, in which the winged insects 4 came out 

 in enormous numbers and the ground was actually covered with. them 

 in several parts of the cemetery. The temperature at this time was 

 about 70° F. 



DAMAGE TO STORED MATERIAL. 



Wooden electrotype blocks (in New York, N. Y.) and other wood 

 products, books in libraries or elsewhere, pamphlets, paper, docu- 

 ments (PI. VI, fig. 1) , and plans (PI. VI, fig. 2) , wood-pulp products, 



1 In California termite damage includes also that by Termopsis angusticollis Walker. 



2 In southern Georgia and the Gulf States termite damage to poles of bald cypress and 

 southern white cedar {CUamaecyparis thyoides) includes also that by Calotermes sp. 



3 In many graves in Egypt and Nubia bones are found to be covered with a shell of 

 earth ; also in mummified bodies, where less bitumen or other preservative substances 

 were employed, termites were able to make way through the cloth in which the body was 

 wound, damage always being associated with earthwork and tunnels. 



4 Probably Leucotermes lucifugus. 



