30 BTJLLETIX 336, TJ. s. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTTJEE. 



are less erect. The awns are slender, medium long, and very stiff. 

 This character renders it more or less unpleasant to harvest and 

 thrash. The average yield of the Servia spelt in a 5-year test at 

 Arlington Farm was 12.39 bushels less than that of the Alstroum. 

 This variety was discarded at College Park after a 2-year trial. 



BUck Winter. — The Black Winter emmer, 1 C. I. No. 2337, which 

 has been grown in field plats at College Park and Arlington Farm 

 was obtained in 1904 from a seed firm in Paris. Several earlier 

 importations were grown in nursery rows only. The plant and head 

 characters of emmer are quite different from those of spelt. The 

 whole plant is larger, the leaves are wider, and the stem is larger in 

 diameter. In the Black Winter (Black Velvet Winter) the heads are 

 of a grayish black, velvety appearance; hence the name. The heads 

 are quite large, bearded, compact, and much flattened. The awns 

 are very long, heavy, and spreading. The yields of winter emmer at 

 College Park have invariably been lower than those of spelt, the 

 average for six years being 36.57 bushels as compared with' 63.23 

 bushels for Alstroum spelt. A much greater difference in favor of 

 spelt has been recorded at Arlington Farm, where the average yields 

 were 22.33 bushels for emmer and 74. OS bushels for spelt. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH WINTER RYE. 



A varietal test of winter rye has been conducted at Arlington Farm 

 since 1911. The rye varieties have not been grown in adjoining plats, 

 but have been interspersed at more or less definite intervals through- 

 out the series of wheat varietal plats. By this method the danger of 

 cross-pollination among the rye varieties was greatly reduced. The 

 test at Arlington Farm has included 12 varieties and selections of 

 winter rye. No tests have been conducted at College Park. 



The date of seeding for winter rye has varied from October 5 to 15. 

 This is earlier than rye is usually sown in farm practice. However, 

 the high yields that have been obtained each year by early sowing 

 seem to indicate that the crop is usually sown too late to insure the 

 best results. All varieties have been sown at the rate of 6 pecks to 

 the acre. 



The annual and average yields of these 12 varieties and selections 

 for the four years from 1911 to 1914, inclusive, are shown in Table IX. 

 The average dates of heading and of maturity, height, yield of grain 

 and of straw, and weight per bushel for these varieties .are also shown. 



1 For a more complete discussion of winter emmer, see Carleton, M. A., Winter emmer, TJ. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Farmers' Bui. 466, 24 p., 8 fig., 1911. 



