cKorxn-woni) pulp. 



41 



THE HEMLOCKS. 



Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) requires a considerable 

 amount of power for the production of satisfactory pulp. The wood 

 must also be of fairly small diameter and of very good quality. 

 Even under the best conditions, eastern hemlock pulp does not pre- 

 sent a good appearance; the fibers are short, and it has a decided 

 reddish tinge. Moreover, it is very hard to produce pulp which 

 will not crack along the edges when the laps are folded. However, 

 even with the handicap of short fibers, a pulp satisfactory for news- 

 print purposes can be produced. The yield from eastern hemlock 

 is approximately 2,030 pounds per hundred cubic feet of solid rossed 

 wood (370 pounds less than from an equal amount of white spruce), 

 though the same ratio would not be evident if the basis were a cord 

 of rough wood. 



Western hemlock (Tsuga lietcro'pliylla) can be ground at much 

 higher pressures and with a sharper stone than eastern hemlock. 

 The pulp produced is of very good quality and 

 aside from its grayish color compares well with 

 white spruce. It is far superior to that from 

 eastern hemlock. The yield is about 2,160 

 pounds per hundred cubic feet of solid rossed 

 wood, or 240 pounds less than that from white 

 spruce, though the bark of western hemlock is 

 much heavier than that of the latter species. 



THE LARCHES. 



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/gSf?^u 







l^cT w 



Tamarack (Larix laricina) produces a very 

 good quality of pulp with a reasonable amount FlG - 29 ~ Noble ^ i Abies 

 of power. In color, however, the pulp is a de- 

 cidedly grayish green. It would probably serve for news-print paper 

 if used with spruce sulphite or mixed with spruce ground wood. In 

 any event, it could be used for wrapping paper. The yield is approxi- 

 mately 2,620 pounds per hundred cubic feet of solid rossed wood, or 

 about 220 pounds more than from an equal amount of white spruce. 



Western larch {Larix occidentalis) yields a very inferior pulp. The 

 product is difficult to operate on the wet machine, and the pulp 

 stone must be rough, but not sharp, to secure the best results. In 

 other words, the pulp must have coarse fibers and a relatively large 

 number of shines. The color, a decided brown, is objectionable. 

 The yield from western larch was only 2,100 pounds per hundred 

 cubic feet of solid rossed wood, though on the basis of the dry weight 

 of the wood it should have been at least 2,300 pounds. This differ- 

 ence is probably due to the high proportion of the wood substance 

 that is soluble in water and to the brittleness of the heartwood, so 

 that a large percentage of the yield is lost in the white water. 



