6 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUKE. 



light granite for the foundation course and trap or field stone for the wearing 

 surface. The compacted depth of the foundation course was 3f inches, and of 

 the top course, including the screenings, 2^ inches. Surfacing material to the 

 amount of 655 cubic yards was used, and of this 364 cubic yards was purchased. 



Concrete gutters 1 foot wide, 3 inches thick, and dished from 1 inch to 2 

 inches, were constructed on each side of the road throughout its length. Cross 

 drains 14 feet long, of bell-joint pipe, were constructed at stations 3+00, 5+50. 

 10+75, 13+00, and 18+50. The diameter of the first four drains was 4 inches 

 and of the last 6 inches. The ditches for the cross drains in each case were 

 filled with broken stone. Underdrains of 6-inch bell-joint pipe 12 feet, 83 feet, 

 40 feet, and 16 feet long were constructed at stations 3+00, 5+50, 10+75, and 

 13+00, respectively. Concrete drop inlets 10 inches square and 2 feet deep, 

 having 3-inch walls, were provided for these drains. Three hundred and 

 seventy-four sacks of cement were used in constructing the gutters and drop 

 inlets. 



The equipment consisted of a crusher having an average capacity of 50 cubic 

 yards per 10-hour day, a 10-ton roller, a sprinkling cart, and slat-bottom road 

 wagons. The crusher and roller were both borrowed, and the only cost in con- 

 nection with their use was the operating and maintenance expenses. The aver- 

 age haul from quarry to crusher was one-half mile and from crusher to road 

 500 feet. The water for the crusher, roller, and sprinkler was pumped. 



The total cost of surfacing the road was $2,073.07, and the rate per square 

 yard $0,703. Labor cost $1.40 per day, teams $3 per day, and fuel $6 per ton. 

 The principal items of cost were : Materials for concrete gutters and drop inlets, 

 $192.30 ; labor for these gutters and inlets, $120.05 ; drainpipe, $17.16 ; labor for 

 the drainpipe, $7.07; surfacing material, $273; quarrying, $243.54; hauling to 

 the crusher, $251.52; crushing, $136.38; hauling from the crusher to the road, 

 $153.45; spreading, $140.17; sprinkling, $13.50; rolling, $13.13; hire of the 

 sprinkler, $25; explosives, $99.50; crusher repairs, $25; drill steel, $28.40 ; sharp- 

 ening the drill steel, $16.40 ; fuel, $62.10 ; lubricating oil, $12.50 ; loosening old 

 macadam, $16.80; screening, $2.80; clearing, $25.90; and general expenses, 

 $197.40. 



MoNKOE, N. C. — A macadam road leading southeast from Monroe toward 

 Wingate, known as the Lee Mill Road, was started on October 12, 1912, and 

 completed on November 22, 1912, and during this time 3^ days were lost on 

 account of unfavorable weather. This road had been graded before the arrival 

 of the office representative, and no data relative to the cost of grading were 

 available. The grade varies from a maximum of 3 per cent to level. The 

 adjacent land varies from rolling to hilly, and the soil is red clay and clay 

 shale. Local sandstone was used for surfacing. This stone possesses good 

 wearing qualities, but poor binding qualities, making it a good material for 

 the foundation course, but not well suited for the top course. 



The total length surfaced was 2,510 feet and the width 10 feet, giving a sur- 

 faced area of 2,789 square yards. The stoue was laid in three courses^the 

 bottom course consisting of stone varying in size from If inches to 4 inches, 

 the second course from 1 inch to If inches, and the top course from dust to 

 1 inch. The total compacted depth of the surface was from 7^ inches to 9 inches. 

 The crown of the finished roadway was three-fourths inch to 1 foot. Stone to 

 the amount of 1,133 cubic yards was crushed, but only 997 cubic yards was 

 used. The stone was hauled from the quarry to the crusher for an average 

 distance of 175 feet in wheelbarrows, and from the crusher to the road for an 

 average distance of 2,000 feet in slat-bottom wagons with a capacity of approxi- 

 mately one cubic yard. The stone was loaded directly from the bins into the 

 wagons. Water for the crusher engine was carried 200 feet by hand, and 



