8 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGEICtrLTtTRE. 



grade, 2,oOU.4 square j^ards. at $0.06 per square yard, $139.58; Telford foun- 

 dation, 2.300.4 square yards, at $0,489 per square yard, $1,124.01 ; quarrying 

 and crusMng the surfacing materials, 380 cubic yards, at $1,525 per cubic 

 yard, $579.49; haiiling the surfacing materials, 380 cubic yards, at $0.G45 per 

 cubic yard, $245.30; spreading the surfacing materials, 380 cubic yards, at 

 $0,108 per cubic yard, $40.93 ; sprinkling and rolling, 1,422.2 square yards, at 

 $0.15, $213.63; reinforced concrete drainage structures, $473; and general ex- 

 penses, $40.63. The above costs do not include any charge for the use of the 

 stone crusher, elevator, and bins. 



JoNESviLLE, Va. — Between May 1 and October 17, 1912, a macadam road was 

 (built under the direction of the office at Jonesville, Va., and during this time 

 37 days were lost on account of bad weather and 5 days from other causes. 

 The adjacent land is hilly and the natural soil is clay and gravel. The road 

 was graded to a width of 20 feet for 8,200 feet, with the exception of a short 

 section which was constructed 24 feet wide. For 2,200 feet the road was 

 located on the side of a hill, and in this section 50 per cent of the excavation 

 was solid rocli:. The total area graded was 21,860 square yards, and the maxi- 

 mum grade was reduced from 17 to 9 per cent. The total volume of earth and 

 rock moved was 7,590 cubic yards and the maximum haul 800 feet. A mac- 

 adam surface 6,800 feet in length was constructed upon a part of the graded 

 section, 10 feet wide for a length of 4,500 feet, 12 feet wide for 1,800 feet, and 

 24 feet wide for the remaining 500 feet. The total area surfaced was 8,735 

 square yards. The surfacing material — a limestone of good binding but only 

 fair wearing qualities — was obtained from a quarry five-eighths mile from the 

 road. It was crushed at the quarry in a crusher having 50 cubic yards' capac- 

 ity per 10-hour day, and after being hauled to the road in slat-bottom wagons 

 of li cubic yards' capacity was spread in three courses with forks and shovels. 

 The first or foundation course, 7 inches in thickness before compacting, con- 

 sisted of pieces varying from 2 to 3 inches in size ; the second course, 3 inches 

 thick, consisted of pieces from one-half inch to 2 inches in size; and the third 

 or binder course, applied to a depth of approximately 1 inch, consisted of pieces 

 varying in size from 1 inch to dust. Each course was compacted with a 10-ton 

 roller, and was bonded in the usual manner with a sprinkler wagon and roller. 



Culverts were constructed of corrugated-iron pipe as follows : At stations 10, 

 14, and 20, 12 inches in diameter and 22 feet in length ; at station 17, 12 inches 

 in diameter and 24 feet in length ; at station 20, 15 inches in diameter and 24 

 feet in length ; at stations 28 and 82, 24 inches in diameter and 40 and 26 feet 

 in length, respectively ; and at stations 43 and 52, 30 inches in diameter and 

 26 and 24 feet in length, respectively. End walls of rough stone were con- 

 structed at all culverts. 



The equipment consisted of a 10-ton roller, a rock crusher, 5 wheel scrapers, 

 1 turn plow, 1 rooter plow, 2 dump carts, 1 steam drill, and hand tools. Labor 

 cost $1.50 and teams $3.50 per day. The other principal items of cost were as 

 follows: Excavation, at $0.36 per cubic yard, $2,726.95; shaping the subgrade. 

 at $0,024 per square yard, $206.10; quarrying and crushing the stone, at $0.93 

 per cubic yard, $3,142.47 ; hauling the stone, at $0,166 per cubic yard, $506.30 ; 

 spreading the stone, at $0.07 per cubic yard, $228.90 ; sprinkling, at $0.0075 per 

 square yard, $60.85; rolUng, at $0.02 per square yard, $183.70; trimming the 

 shoulders, $31.30; lowering the water pipes and raising the walks, $48; 

 culverts, $261.56; supervision and general expenses, $382.20; making the total 

 cost of the road $7,778.33 This is at the rate of $0,837 per square yard. 



Norton, Va. — The work of macadamizing the Wise-Norton road was begun on 

 August 1. 1912. and discontinued on December 15, 1912, after 3,360 linear feet or 

 4,340 square yards had been surfaced. The work was done jy contract, and 



