OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROABS^, 1912-13. 9 



the grading and culvert work had been finished before the macadamizing was 

 started. Twenty-four days were lost owing to bad weather and 27^ days from 

 other causes. The land adjacent to the road is hilly and the soil is yellow 

 clay. The maximum grade is 6 per cent and the minimum 1.2 per cent. Lime- 

 stone, which was used for the surfacing was put on in three courses, having 

 respective depths, measured loose, of 6 inches, 3 inches, and f inch, and a total 

 compacted depth of 6f inches. Surfacing material to the amount of 1,298 cubic 

 yards was used, and of this 1,005 cubic yards was local stone, while 293 cubic 

 yards was purchased and brought by rail. The local stone was quarried and 

 transported 50 feet to the crusher by means of a tram car. After crushing, it 

 was stored in bins having capacities of 50, 30, and 20 cubic yards, and loaded 

 directly into slat-bottom wagons and dump cars of approximately 1.2 cubic 

 yards capacity. The wagons were drawn by teams and the dump cars by a 

 traction engine. The average haul from the crusher to the road was 4 miles. 

 The stone that was shipped was hauled 70 miles by rail. Water was piped 

 900 feet for the crusher and hauled 1 mile for the roller and sprinkler. A 

 vitrified clay-pipe culvert at station 9+00 was broken during the surfacing, 

 having been placed too near the surface. In replacing it 26 feet of IS-inch 

 pipe and 2i cubic yards of concrete were used. At the crusher 45| tons of 

 fuel were used and 14 tons by the roller. The explosives used at the quarry cost 

 $118.92. 



The equipment consisted of a crusher and engine having a capacity of 150 

 tons per 10-hour day, slat-bottom wagons, a sprinkler, a roller, hand tools, etc., 

 and a traction engine was hired at $10 per 10-hour day. Labor and teams 

 cost, respectively, $0.15 and $0.35 per hour, and fuel cost $1.75 per ton. 



The total cost of the work was $3,630.22, which is at the rate of $0,837 per 

 square yard. The principal items of cost were : Shaping the subgrade, $374.13 ; 

 replacing the culvert at station 9, $55.53; surfacing material, $366.25; quarry- 

 ing, $951.05 ; crushing, $254.06 ; hauling the stone to the road, $892.35 ; spread- 

 ing the stone, $240.60; sprinkling, $112.35; rolling, $350; and loading stone at 

 the car, $33.90. 



This work was resumed on April 18, 1913, and the project was entirely com- 

 pleted on July 12, 1913. During this period five days were lost on account of 

 unfavorable weather and two days from other causes. The last section sur- 

 faced had not been graded throughout its length as the section above described 

 had. On this part the maximum cut was li feet and the maximum fill 3 feet ; the 

 maximum grade remained 4 per cent, as on the old road. The land adjacent to 

 this section is hilly and the soil is shale clay underlain by a bed of blue marl. 

 In grading, the earth was loosened with plows, hauled with drag scrapers, and 

 spread by hand. Between stations 43 and 54+10 the foundation was of an 

 inferior character. Subdrainage was therefore provided by digging a ditch 

 along the gutter and filling part of it with sandstone and part with limestone, 

 and laying tile drain in the remainder. Cross drains were constructed every 

 25 feet between the above stations. Other necessary drainage structures had 

 been constructed before the work began. The equipment was the same as that 

 used on the first section described above. 



The average haul for the excavation was 200 feet and the maximum haul 

 was 400 feet. The average haul from the crusher to the road was 31 miles. 

 The surface of this section was constructed entirely of local limestone having 

 good binding qualities and fair wearing qualities. Material was hauled in slat- 

 bottom wagons of 1 cubic yard capacity and dump wagons of 2 cubic yards 

 capacity, and by means of the tractor outfit. 



The road was surfaced for 3,900 feet to the following widths : Twenty-four 

 feet wide for 1,110 feet, 16 feet wide for 2,090 feet, and 12 feet wide for 700 

 X7637°— Bull. 53—13 2 



