OBJECT-LESSON" AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS^ 1912-13. 13 



. The principal items of cost were as follows : 5,268 cubic yards of excava- 

 tion, at $0,143 per cubic yard, $739.15; shaping the subgrade, at $0,002 per 

 square yard, $45.42; 24 feet of culvert pipe, at $0.50 a foot, $12; labor for 

 culverts, $5.75; 4,733 cubic yards of gravel, at $0.05 per cubic yard, plus $150 

 for the pit, $386.65 ; loosening and loading the gravel, 5,503 cubic yards, at 

 $0.15 per cubic yard, $825.89; hauling 5,503 cubic yards of gravel from the pit 

 to the road, at $0,318 per cubic yard, $1,753.10; spreading the gravel, at $0,054 

 per cubic yard, $295.11 ; working and finishing the surface, $60.52 ; trimming 

 the shoulders and ditches, $18.80 ; and explosives, $1.94. 



The Temple section. — This section extends from station 124 to station 

 276+80. The first work was excavation, and this was begun on December 

 26, 1912, and finished on June 18, 1913. The surfacing was started on March 

 26, 1913, and finished on July 3, 1913. The road was entirely completed by 

 July 5, 1913. Twenty-two days were lost on account of unfavorable weather 

 and 6.9 days from other causes. Earth in excavation was loosened by plows and 

 hauled in wagons and in drag and wheel scrapers, while rock was loosened with 

 picks, bars, and dynamite, and hauled in wagons. Culverts were constructed 

 as follows: Station 128+10, 12-inch concrete pipe, 30 feet long; station 134+35, 

 80-inch concrete pipe, 26 feet long; station 148+40, 12-inch concrete pipe, 34 feet 

 long; station 154+10, 42-inch concrete pipe, 56 feet long; and station 172+27, 8 

 feet by 6 feet reinforced concrete culvert with 18-foot roadway. The maximum 

 cut was 3.2 feet, and the maximum fill, 13.9 feet, and the maximum grade was 

 reduced from 8.6 per cent to 5 per cent. The adjacent land is rolling and the 

 soil varies in character; it is gumbo for the first 3,400 feet, loose rock for the 

 next 500 feet, gumbo for the next 1,200 feet, yellow clay over shale limestone 

 for the next 500 feet, gumbo for the next 1,800 feet, loose rock for the next 1,600 

 feet, gumbo for the next 1,000 feet, soft ledge limestone for the next 700 feet, 

 and gumbo for the remainder of the distance to station 276+80. The equip- 

 ment consisted of one 10-ton roller, one 10-barrel tank wagon, one 600-gallon 

 sprinkling wagon, 2 road graders, 1 rooter plow, 1 railroad plow, 1 turn plow, 

 3 No. 2 wheel scrapers, 6 No. 2 and 2 No. 3 drag scrapers, two 16-foot sections 

 of collapsible culvert forms, slat-bottom wagons, picks, shovels, etc. The wagons 

 had a capacity of approximately li cubic yards and were used for long-haul 

 grading and for hauling gravel. 



The average haul for excavation was 140 feet and the maximum haul 950 

 feet. The average haul from the gravel pit to the road was 10,320 feet. Water 

 was conveniently obtained from a pipe at the roadside. The gravel used was 

 chert and limestone, and it was loaded on the wagons by means of shovels and 

 drag scrapers. 



The total length of the road graded and surfaced was 15,223 feet for a width 

 of 32 feet in cuts and 26 feet in fills, making a total graded area of 50,830 

 square yards. The width surfaced was 18 feet throughout, making the surfaced 

 area 30,446 square yards. Part of the gravel was spread in one course and 

 part in two courses. The loose depth of the first course varied from 4 to 6^ 

 inches, and of the second course from 1 to 5^ inches. The total loose depth 

 varied from 4^ to 10 inches. The crown of the finished surface was from 

 three-fourths inch to 1 inch to 1 foot. Earth to the amount of 5,927 cubic 

 yards and rock to the amount of 145 cubic yards were moved in excavation, and 

 5,877 cubic yards of gravel was used in surfacing. Two hundred and fifteen 

 sacks of cement, 2,740 pounds of steel, 67 cubic yards of gravel, 2,750 feet, 

 board measure, of lumber, one-half coil of wire, 64 feet of 12-inch concrete pipe, 

 and 36 feet of 30-inch concrete pipe were used in culverts. Convict labor cost 

 $0.60, hired labor from $0.80 to $2, and teams from $2.20 to $3.50 per nine-hour 

 day. 



