OBJECT-LESSON" AND EXPERIMENTAL EOADS, 1912-13. 19 



was 30 feet and the surfaced width 17 feet. This road lies between De Kalb 

 and Moscow, and is a part of what is Icnown as the Jackson Road. The ad- 

 jacent land Is hilly. Work was begxm on September 20, 1912, and was com- 

 pleted on November 5, 1912. The only sand available for surfacing was very 

 fine grained and of poor quality. It was obtained from a pit and hauled to 

 the road in farm wagons for approximately 15 miles. 



The grading was done with a road machine, a railroad plow, and five slip 

 scrapers. The total area graded was 18,883 square yards, and the cost of 

 grading was $282.04. No record was kept of the quantity of material moved 

 in grading. The subgrade was shaped for surfacing at a cost of $0,008 per 

 square yard, or $20.58 for the 7,889 square yards surfaced. 



Sand to the amount of 1,524 cubic yards was used for surfacing, and the cost 

 of surfacing was distributed as follows : Hauling 1,524 cubic yards of sand, at 

 $0.49 per cubic yard, $743.20; spreading 1,524 cubic yards of sand, at $0,007 

 per cubic yard, $10.60; and mixing 7,839 square, yards of surface, at $0,006 per 

 square yard, $48.54 ; making the total cost of surfacing $802.34. 



The other items of expense were : Ditching, $25.-55 ; clearing and grubbing, 

 $41.38; excavation for a bridge, $2.80; general expenses (foreman, coke, etc.). 

 $112.42; and miscellaneous expenses (camp, trips for provisions, etc.), $34.50. 

 This makes a total cost to the community of $1,321.61, or a cost per square yard 

 of $0,096. 



All grading and other work on the road was done by the county convict force 

 with county teams, and the cost per convict was $0.40 per day, and the cost 

 per team $0.80 per day. The surfacing material was hauled by contributed 

 labor, the money value of which has been rated at $1 per day per man and 

 $2.50 per day per team. 



Calypso, N. C. — A section of road leading from Calypso southeast toward 

 Kenansville was graded and surfaced between September 4 and September 14, 

 1912. The adjacent land is slightly rolling and the soil is sandy throughout 

 the length of the section. The grading consisted in plowing the ditches and 

 bringing the road to the proper cross section with a road machine. A small 

 amount of material was moved for an average distance of 50 feet with drag 

 scrapers. For 1,650 feet the road was graded 24 feet wide and surfaced 14 

 feet wide, making the area graded 4,400 square yards and the area surfaced 

 2,563 square yards. The crown of the finished roadway was three-fourths inch 

 to 1 foot. Clay to the amount of 248 cubic yards was hauled an average dis- 

 tance of 2,400 feet, and 55 cubic yards of sand was hauled an average distance 

 of 1,760 feet. Farm wagons having an approximate capacity of 1 cubic yard 

 were used for hauling both sand and clay. They were loaded and unloaded 

 with shovels. Two corrugated-iron culverts were ordered for this work, but 

 were not received before the surfacing was completed. Directions were fur- 

 nished for placing them. 



The equipment consisted of 1 road machine, 1 rooter plow, 1 turn plow, 1 

 split-log drag, 2 drag scrapers, 1 disk harrow, farm wagons, and hand tools. 

 Labor cost $1 and $1.50 per day and teams cost $1.20 and $2.50 per day. The 

 total cost of the work was $183.60, which is at the rate of $0.0521 per square 

 yard. The principal items of cost were: Grading and shaping the subgrade, 

 $38.60; loading sand, $3.75; hauling sand. $6.25; spreading sand, $1.50; loading 

 clay, $22.65; hauling clay, $49.25; spreading clay, $5.50; mixing clay and sand, 

 $4.80 ; and final shaping with a drag, $1.60. 



Jerusalem, N. C. — A sand-clay I'oad running from Cooleemee northeast to 

 Jerusalem was begun on September 3, 1912, and completed on October 18, 1912. 

 The land adjacent to the road is rolling and the soil varies from " black jack " 



