22 BULLETIN 53, V. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



Labor cost $1.40 per 10-hour day and teams $1. The principal items of cost 

 were as follows : Excavation, at $0,107 per cubic yard, $715.70 ; shaping sub- 

 grade, at $0.0007 per square yard, $10.89; clearing and grubbing, $44.99; haul- 

 ing the surfacing material, at $0,005 per cubic yard, $138.84 ; mixing, at $0.0011 

 per square yard. $10.92; labor for pipe culverts, $33.65; contract price of end 

 walls for pipe culverts, $66; contract price of box culvert, $154.50; and cost of 

 hauling materials for the concrete, not included in contract price, $43.25. The 

 total cost of the road was $1,218.74, which is at the rate of $0,127 per square 

 yard. 



Jewett, Tex. — Work was started on August 22, 1912, on a sand-clay road 

 running from Jewett westward toward Newby and completed on September 7, 

 1912. The land adjacent to the road is rolling, and the soil is sandy throughout 

 the section surfaced. In grading, the earth was loosened by plowing and 

 hauled in drag scrapers for an average distance of 50 feet. A section 10,500 

 feet long was graded for a width of 40 feet and surfaced for a width of 14 

 feet, making the area graded 46,666 square yards and the area surfaced 16,333 

 square yards. Earth to the amount of 4,350 cubic yards was moved in the 

 excavation, and 4,100 cubic yards of clay was used for surfacing. The clay 

 was hauled for an average distance of 1,350 feet and spread to a depth of 

 9 inches, measured loose, but on account of the continued dry weather it could 

 not be successfully mixed with the sand. Specifications were furnished by the 

 representative of the Office of Public Eoads, however, for properly mixing the 

 materials when the weather became favorable, and this part of the work was let 

 to contract. Five wooden culverts, 24 feet in length, were constructed, with the 

 following cross sectional dihiensions : Two 4 feet by 2 feet, one 10 feet by 2^ feet, 

 and two 16 feet by 3 feet. Three thousand seven hundred and fifty feet b. m. 

 of pine timber and 24 oak posts were used for these culverts. 



The equipment consisted of one 2-horse blade ditcher, plows, slat-bottom 

 wagons, and hand tools. Labor cost $1.75 per 10-hour day and teams $4. The 

 total cost of the work was $3,017.08, which is at the rate of $0,184 per square 

 yard. The principal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing, $28.75; exca- 

 vation and embankment, $608.75 ; loosening and loading clay, $637.75 ; hauling 

 clay, $1,183.75 ; spreading clay, $74.75 ; trenching for clay at the side of the road, 

 $30 ; shaping with the grader, $27.50 ; contract price for mixing, $150 ; materials 

 for culverts, $121.44 ; labor for culverts, $51.76 ; superintendence, $75 ; and gen- 

 eral expenses, $27.63. 



Peabsall, Tex.— a section of road in Frio County leading northeast from 

 Pearsall toward Bigfoot, known as the Sand Hollow Road, was improved by 

 surfacing with sand clay. The work was begun on February 20, 1913, and 

 continued until March 31, 1913. Eight days were lost on account of rain and 

 7i days for other reasons. The adjacent land is rolling and the soil is a fine 

 sandy loam. The maximum and minimum grades remained respectively 2 per 

 cent and level. The existing grade of this road was such that the only grading 

 necessary was done with the road machine. The only exceptions to this were 

 at stations 23 and 27, where the material obtained in uncovering the clay pit 

 was hauled to fill several holes in the road. Labor cost from $1.10 to $1.25 and 

 teams $3 per 10-hour day. 



The road was constructed by first carefully shaping it with a road machine 

 and then spreading a wearing course of clay over the surface. The road was 

 then re.shaped by means of the road machine. The clay used for surfacing 

 contained a considerable amount of sand, and possessed excellent binding and 

 wearing qualities. It was spread by hand with shovels and hose, and was 

 obtained from pits and hauled in 1-cubic-yard slat-bottom wagons. At station 



