OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL EOADS, 1912-13. 23 



37 a wooden box 1^ by 2 by 24 feet was constructed. This was the only drainage 

 structure provided. The equipment consisted of 1 road machine, 8 -J-yard drag 

 scrapers, 8 slat-bottom wagons, 1 heavy road plow, picks, shovels, etc. 



The total length of the road was 4,700 feet and the width both in cuts and fills 

 was 26 feet, making a graded area of 13,578 square yards. The entire length of 

 4,700 feet was prepared for surfacing, but only 4,200 feet was surfaced. The 

 width of the surface was 15 feet, making a total surfaced area of 7,000 square 

 yards. The surfacing material was spread to a depth of 8 inches compacted and 

 given a crown of three-fourths inch to 1 foot. The clay used for surfacing 

 amounted to 1,556 cubic yards and was hauled for an average distance of 1,050 

 feet. In constructing the wooden box culvert at station 37, 406 feet b. m. No. 1 

 pine was used. The total cost of the road to the community was $926.90, 

 making the cost per square yard of surfaced area $0,132. The principal items 

 of cost were : Grading and shaping the subgrade, $42.40 ; filling holes with 

 material stripped from the clay pits, $22.25; timber for the culvert, $12.75; 

 stripping the clay pits, $143; loosening and loading clay, 1,556 cubic yards at 

 $0,183 per cubic yard, $284.72; hauling clay, 1,556 cubic yards at $0,228 per 

 cubic yard, $355.50; spreading clay, 1,556 cubic yards at $0,032 per cubic yard, 

 $50.70 ; dragging, $11.70 ; and trimming shoulders, $3.88. 



San Antonio, Tex. — ^A section of the road leading from San Antonio south 

 toward Laredo was improved by grading and surfacing with sand and clay. 

 The section is 1 mile in length and approximately 20 miles south of San Antonio. 

 The work was started on January 7, 1913, and completed on February 14, 1913, 

 with the loss of 5^ days on account of rain and bad weather. The adjacent 

 land is rolling, and the soil is a sandy loam upon a clay subsoil throughout the 

 entire road. The maximum cut was 1.7 feet and the maximum fill 1.6 feet. 

 The maximum grade was reduced from 3.7 to 2.8 per cent. Labor cost $1.50 

 and teams $3.45 per nine-hour day. 



The road was constructed by spreading a surface course of clay over the 

 natural sand soil used in the foundation. At stations 4+30 and 37+30, where 

 streams are forded, it was necessary to construct stone curbing on either side 

 of the clay surface to protect it from washings. The curb at station 4+30 

 was 20 feet by 12 inches by 18 inches, and that at station 37+30 was 24 feet 

 by 12 inches by 18 inches. 



The road was graded for a total length of 5,280 feet. The width in cuts was 

 40 feet and in fills 24 feet, making the total area graded 23,467 square yards. 

 The entire length of 5,280 feet was surfaced to a width of 16 feet, making the 

 surfaced area 9,387 square yards. In grading it was necessary to excavate 

 2,775 cubic yards of earth, and 1,825 cubic yards of clay was used in surfacing. 

 The earth was loosened with plows and hauled a short distance with wheel and 

 Fresno scrapers. The clay was obtained from pits and hauled an average 

 distance of 305 feet in wagons. The equipment consisted of 1 eight-horse road 

 grader, 1 disk harrow, 2 plows, 1 spike-tooth harrow, 5 No. 1 wheel scrapers, 

 3 five-foot Fresno scrapers, 1 three-foot Fresno scraper, 2 No. 2 slip scrapers, 

 wagons, picks, shovels, etc. 



The clay was spread to a loose depth of 7 inches, and the crown of the finished 

 surface was three-fourths inch to 1 foot. The total cost of the road to the 

 community was $1,261.57, which is at the rate of $0,134 per square yard. The 

 principal items of cost were as follows : Clearing and surfacing the entire road, 

 $81.25 ; moving and rebuilding fences, $73.34 ; moving a house from the right 

 of way, $19.56; constructing curbing, 2.4 cubic yards, at $2.24 per cubic yard, 

 $5.38 ; excavating 2,775 cubic yards of earth, at $0.1141:: per cubic yard, $318.86 ; 

 loading, hauling, and spreading 1,825 cubic yards of clay, at $0.2864 per cubic 

 yard, $522.65; stripping clay pits, $52.91; back-filling clay pits, $88.20; mixing 



