24 BULLETIN 53^ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Clay and sand, 9,387 square yards, at $0.0069 per square yard, $64.78 ; and shap- 

 ing the surface, 23,467 square yards, at $0.0015 per square yard, $34.64. 



Feanktown, Va. — A sand-clay road leading from Franktown toward East- 

 ville and known as the Eastville Road was begun on September 4, 1912, and left 

 as completed on October 14, 1912. The road subsequently became unsatisfac- 

 tory, however, and a representative of the Office of Public Eoads was detailed 

 to Investigate the causes and to supervise such additional work as the condi- 

 tions seemed to warrant. Work was resumed on January 20, 1913, and the 

 project finally completed on February 1, 1913. Altogether 4 days were lost on 

 account of bad weather. 



The land adjacent to the road is rolling, and the soil is sand from station 

 to station 12 ; clay from station 12 to station 15 ; sand from station 15 to sta- 

 tion 25 ; and clay from station 25 to station 34. The maximum grade was 

 reduced fi-om 5 per cent to 2 per cent, and the maximum cut was 5 feet and 

 the maximum fill 4 feet. In grading, the earth was loosened with plows, 

 hauled with drag scrapers, and spread with shovels. The total amount moved 

 was 1,590 cubic yards. For 3,400 feet the road was graded 30 feet wide and 

 surfaced 15 feet wide, giving an area of 11,333 square yards graded and 5,666 

 square yards surfaced. Clay was spread to a depth varying from 4 inches to 12 

 inches and mixed with an 8-inch course of sand. The crown of the finished 

 road was 1 inch to 1 foot. 



The total cost of the road to the community was $670.60, which is at the 

 rate of $0,118 per square yard. The principal items of cost were: Grading, 

 $289.31; clearing and grubbing, $61.27; shaping the subgrade, $19.50; loading 

 and hauling the clay, $137.75; loading and hauling the sand, $87; mixing the 

 sand and clay, $26.90 ; shaping, $25.37 ; trimming the shoulders, $8.75 ; and con- 

 structing road intersections, $14.75. Labor cost $1.25 per 10-hour day and 

 teams $2.50, $3, $4, and $4.25. 



SAND-GUMBO ROAD. 



Columbus, Nebe. — A section of sand-gumbo road extending northwest from 

 the Platte River toward Columbus was constructed during the fiscal year 1912 

 and was described in the last annual report of the Office of Public Roads. The 

 work was resumed on August 19, 1912, and an additional section 3,002 feet long 

 was graded to a width of 32 feet in cuts and 24 feet in fills and given a sand- 

 gumbo surface 16 feet wide. The additional area graded was 10,228 square 

 yards and the additional area surfaced 5,337 square yards. The section was 

 completed on September 4, 1912. 



In the excavation 760 cubic yards of earth was moved, and the maximum 

 cut was 1.3 feet and the maximum fill 2.7 feet. The maximum grade was 

 reduced from 13.2 per cent to 4.4 per cent. The adjacent land is level and the 

 soil is sandy. The earth was loosened with plows and hauled in drag, Fresno, 

 and wheel scrapers for an average haul of 160 feet and a maximum haul of 

 350 feet. 



The surfacing material consisted of a good quality of black gumbo and sharp, 

 clean sand. The gumbo was spread to a depth of 7A inches and the sand to a 

 depth of 6 inches, both measured loose. The two materials were mixed by 

 means of plows and harrows and shaped with a steel drag and a road machine. 

 The compacted depth of the finished surface was 8 inches and the crown was 

 three-fourths inch to 1 foot. In this work 1.165 cubic yards of gumbo and 890 

 cubic yards of sand were used. The gumbo was hauled approximately 2 miles 

 in slat-bottom dump wagons having a capacity of 1 cubic yard, and the sand was 

 hauled 4,000 feet in the same wagons. 



