28 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGKICULTUEE. 



roller, and the second to be surfaced with muck and sand spread in alternate 

 layers and mixed by puddling with the tamping roller. 



At the time the work was done labor and teams were difficult to obtain and 

 no roller of any description was to be had. The specifications were drawn up, 

 however, for a light tamping roller, and it was agreed by the interested parties 

 to postpone the work until the roller could be made and labor and teams should 

 become available. The work was accordingly discontinued on February 21, 

 1913, but it is hoped that it will be resumed and prosecuted at some future 

 time when the conditions are more favorable. 



The cost of the work done, which consisted in spreading the material from 

 the ditch banks and shaping the road, was $267.20, which is at the rate of 

 $0,019 per square yard. Labor cost $2 per day and no teams were employed. 



Oed, Nebr. — Work was started on an earth road running from Ord eastward 

 toward Spelts on August 8, 1912, and finished on August 17, 1912. The land 

 adjacent to the road is level, while the soil is loam with a quicksand subsoil 

 from station to station 30, and loam with a clay subsoil from station 30 to 

 station 50 — the end of the road. Earth to the amount of 2,462 cubic yards 

 was moved, of which 180 cubic yards was loosened with a plow and hauled 

 an average distance of 250 feet with Fresno and drag scrapers ; 1,550 cubic 

 yards was loosened and loaded with an elevating grader and hauled an average 

 distance of 2,370 feet in slat-bottom wagons; and 732 cubic yards was placed 

 with the elevating grader. The maximum cut was 0.6 foot and the maximum 

 fill 1.6 feet. The maximum grade was reduced from 2 per cent to 1.6 per cent. 



The road was graded 5^000 feet to a width of 24 feet, and the total area 

 was 13,333 square yards. The. crown of the roadway was three-fourths inch 

 to 1 foot. Reinforced concrete culverts, 3 by 2 feet and 26 feet long, each con- 

 taining 11.6 cubic yards of concrete and 600 pounds of steel, were constructed 

 at stations 7-f 95 and 26-1-37, and a 12-inch vitrified clay-pipe culvert at sta- 

 tion 33-f-80 was lengthened 6 feet and supplied with concrete end walls. 



The equipment consisted of a 10-ton oil-burning tractor, an elevating grader, 

 a road machine, drag and Fresno scrapers, slat-bottom wagons, and hand 

 tools. The tractor, which was used for drawing the grader, consumed 270 

 gallons of petroleum. Labor cost $2; teams, $4; and foremen, $4.50 per 10- 

 hour day. Fuel oil cost $0,095 per gallon; cement, $1.84 per barrel; sand and 

 gravel, $0.50 per cubic yard ; and steel, $0,026 per pound. 



The total cost of the road was $743.88, which is at the rate of $0,056 per 

 square yard. The principal items of cost were: Grading, $487.42; shaping the 

 roadway, $38.30; vitrified clay pipe (6 feet 12 inches), $1.35; end walls, $11.88; 

 concrete culverts, $203.93 ; and grading the road intersection, $1. The costs of 

 all materials are included above under the proper items. 



Calypso, N. C. — On September 16 and 17, 1912, a representative of the Office 

 of Public Roads who had supervised the construction of an object-lesson sand- 

 clay road at Calypso, assisted the local road officials in getting work under way 

 on an earth road. During these two days a section of road 800 feet long was 

 partially cleared and graded, though no part of this was entirely finished. 



Twenty-one dollars and twenty cents was spent for this work, of which $6 

 was spent for clearing and grubbing and $15.20 for grading. Instructions were 

 given by the office representative for continuing the work. 



Madison, S. Dak. — An earth road leading southward from Madison toward 

 Clareua, known as the Meridian Road, was begun on July 30, 1912, and a section 

 6,092 feet long was completed by August 6, 1912. The land adjacent to the 

 road is rolling, and the soil is prairie loam with a clay subsoil. The maximum 

 ^11 was 1.7 feet, and there was no cut. The piaximum grade remained approxi- 



