6 



BULLETIN 55, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTURE. 



The characteristic ground cover of the flat, in addition to leaf 

 litter (15 per cent), is as follows: 



Mosi [60 per cent): 

 Common — 

 Fern moss ( Hylocomuim proliferum). 

 Scale moss. 

 Ferns {5 per cent): 

 Common — 

 Spinulose sMeld fern (Dryopteris spinitloxn. 

 Lady fern (Aspleninm feliifewina). 

 Flowering plants {20 per cent): 

 Common — 

 Wood sorrel {Ozalis acetosella). 

 Bunchberry {Cornus canadensis). 

 Creeping wintergreen ( Chiogenes hispidula). 

 Clintonia ( Clintonia borealis). 

 Sarsaparilla st. (Aralia nudicanlis). 

 Dalibarda (DaHbarda repens). 

 Occasional — 

 Trillium ( Trillium erylttrocarpiim). 



Flowering plants {20 per ce«0~Continued. 

 Occasional— Continued. 



Chickweed wintergreen ( Trientalis americana). 



Rattlesnake plaintain {Epipactis repens). 



Gold thread ( Coptis trifoUa). 

 Rare — 



Lady's slipper ( Cypripedium acaule). 

 Underbrush: 

 Common — 



Hobble bush ( Viburnum lantanoides). 



Withe rod ( Viburnum cassinoides). 



Mountain ash {Pyrus americana). 

 Occasional — 



Swamp honeysuckle (Lonicera oblongifolia). 



Mountain maple {Acer spicatum). 



Service berry {Amelanchier canadensis). 



Beaked hazelnut ( Corylus rostrata). 



HARDWOOD SLOPE. 



This is the best-drained type. In it hardwood leaf litter, instead 

 of mosses, forms the chief ground cover. 



On the slopes balsam fir never occurs in pure stands, but grows 

 scatteringly among red spruce and large-sized hardwoods. The 

 principal species of hardwoods are yellow birch, red maple, sugar 

 maple, and beech.. Here balsam fir, provided it is not too heavily 

 shaded, grows rapidly and becomes comparatively large and tall, 

 reaching on the slopes, in fact, its best individual development. It 

 is apt to be very defective, however, and is especially Hable to ground 

 rot unless it grows near a brook or spring which furnishes a plentiful 

 supply of water to its roots. 



The characteristic ground cover of the hardwood slope besides 

 leaf fitter (40 per cent) is as follows : 



Mosses {5 per cent): 

 Occasional — 



Plume moss {Hypnum crista-caslrensis). 



Crane moss {Dicranumfuloum). 



Shaggy moss {Hylocomium triquitrum). 



Mountain fern moss {Hylocomium proliferium). 

 Fern and fern allies {SO per cent): 

 Common — 



Spinulose shield fern {Dryopteris spinulosa). 



Shining club moss {Lycopodium lucidulum). 

 Occasional— 



Hayscented fern {Dicksonia pilosiuscula). 



Lady fern {Asplenium felixfemina). 



Ground pine {Lycopodium complanatum). 



New York fern {Aspidium novcboracense). 



Silvery spleen wort {Asplenium thelyteroides). 

 Rare- 

 Common polippod {Polypodium vulgare). 



Long beech fern {Phegopleris polypodioides). 

 Flowering plants {So per cent): 

 Common — 



Wood sorrel {Oxalis acetosella). 



Bunchberry ( Cornus canadensis). 



Wild sarsaparilla {Aralia nudicaulis). 



Clintonia ( Clintonia borealis). 



Painted trillium ( Trillium erythrocarpum) 



Fowering plants (25 per cent) — Continued. 

 Occasional — 



Two-leaved Solomon's seal ( Unifolium cana- 

 dense). 



Sweet white violet ( Viola blanda palustriformis). 



Twisted stalk {Streptopus amplexifolius). 



Indian cucumber root ( Medeola virginiana). 



Dalibarda {Dalibarda repens). 



Gold thread ( Coptis trifolia). 

 Rare — 



Creeping snowberry ( Chiogenes hispidula). 



Indian pipe ( Monolropa uni/lora). 



Rattlesnake plantain (Epipactus repens). 



Lady's slipper ( Cypripedium acaule). ' 



Habenaria {Habenaria). 

 Underbrush: 

 Common- 

 Hobble bush ( Viburnum lantanoides). 



Mountain maple {Acer spicatum). 



Striped maple {Acer pennsylvanicum). 

 Occasional- 

 Beaked hazelnut ( Corylus rostrata). 



Swamp honeysuckle {Lonicera oblongifolia). 



Service berry {Amelanchier canadensis). 



