WATER SUPPLY, PLUMBING, ETC., FOR COUNTRY HOMES. 



9 



types and methods of sinking. The well should penetrate to levels 

 below that of the ground-water surface in the driest seasons. 



Figure 7 illustrates four different common types of deep and shallow 

 wells. No. 1 shows a dug well, with pump, which may be lined with 

 either concrete or cemented brick. No. 2 shows a driven well, 

 which is constructed by attaching a point on the end of the pipe 

 and driving the pipe into the ground until water is reached. The 

 point is provided with a short length of pipe with perforations which 

 permit the water to enter the pipe and keeps out the sand and gravel. 

 This arrangement is best suited to shallow wells, as the cylinder is 

 near the surface in a dry well. If the depth to water is greater than 

 the suction limit, it is necessary to dig a dry well deep enough to place 



£ s 



Fig. 7. — Types of deep and shallow wells. 



the cylinder within the suction limit. Nos. 3 and 4 are drilled wells 

 consisting of a small hole which may be from 3 inches to 15 inches in 

 diameter. This hole is lined with an impervious iron casing which 

 prevents caving in and keeps out all water, except that which enters 

 at the bottom. This type of well can pass through as many water- 

 bearmg beds as desired and none but that from the lowest will enter. 

 The casing is large enough to allow the cylinder to be placed below 

 the water surface, or as near the water as is necessary. No. 4 shows 

 a drilled well with a dry well installed above it to accommodate the 

 lower half of a pump made for underground discharge. 



M. L. Fuller ^ states in regard to types of shallow wells and con- 

 ditions to which they are adapted: 



Dug Avells are generally circular excavations 3 to 6 feet in diameter. They are 

 adapted to localities where the water is near the surface, especially where it occurs 



1 M. L. Fuller. Domestic Water Supplies for the farm. New YorJs and London, 1912, p. 68. 

 19611°— 14 2 



