30 



BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 



The spring should be walled iii to form a reservou* as shown in the 

 discussion of springs, page 12. If a stream is used it should be 

 dammed back until a sufficient flow and fall is obtamed. 



Rams may be obtained to supply water for both elevated tank and 

 pneumatic tank systems. In purchasing a ram this should also be 

 specified. 



In order to obtain the desired fall it is often necessary to convey 

 the water a greater distance than the length of drive pipe used. 

 Figure 25 illustrates two methods of securing the necessary fall. 



It is necessary to provide a shelter for the hydi'aulic ram to prevent 

 freezmg m cold weather. The pipes should also be placed below the 

 frost line. In setting a ram the fomidation should be firm and level. 

 The drive pipe shoidd be laid on a perfectly straight inclme without 



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Fig. 25. — Two methods of securing the necessary fall in drive pipe. 



bends or curves, except where the pipe enters the ram, and this 

 should be made by bending the pipe. Fittings should not be used. 

 The upper end of the drive pipe should be sufficiently below the sur- 

 face of the water to prevent air suction — at least a foot. A good open 

 strainer should be provided at the upper end also. Above all things 

 the drive pipe should be air-tight. 



The delivery pipe may be laid with the necessary bends, according 

 to the usual practice in laying water pipes, but all pipes should be 

 connected before starting the engine and they should be left uncovered 

 until all leaks are stopped. HoweA^er, there should be as few bends 

 and elbows in the dcHvery pipe as possible in order to reduce friction. 



Manufacturers of hydraulic rams should supply directions for the 

 proper installation, operation, and care of their particular rams, and 

 these directions should be carefully followed. 



