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APPENDIX. 



MINERALOGY OF THE SALINES. 



A number of minerals have been reported in the salines of the basin. In addition 

 to distinct mineral species mention must be made of the mixtures of chlorides, sul- 

 phates, borates, and carbonates which are of common occurrence. 



List of minerals. 



[Compiled from Dana, Clark, Eakle, and records of Cooperative Laboratory and State Mining Laboratory 



of the University of Nevada.] 



Name. 



Chemical symbol. 



Name. 



Chemical symbol. 



Soluble minerals: 



Thermonatrite 



Natron 



Na2C03.H20. 



Na2CO3.10H2O. 



Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O. 



Na2SO4.10H2O. 



Na2S04. 



NaCl. 



Na2B4O7.10H2O. 



NaN03. 



KNO3- 



Ca(N03)2.nH20. 



Mg(N03)2.nH20. 



Na22K(S04)9(C03)2Cl. 



K2S04.Al2(S04)3.24H20. 



Na2S04.CaS04. 

 3Na2S04.2NaCl. 

 Na2Ca(C03)2.5H20. 

 MgCO3.Na2CO3.NaCl. 



Insoluble or almost in- 

 soluble minerals: 

 Anhydrite 



CaS04. 



Trona 



Gvpsum 



CaS04.2H20. 



Mirabilite 



Celestite 



SrS04. 



Thenardite 



Calcite . 



CaC03. 



Halite 





MgCa(C03)2. 

 2MgC03.2Na2C03.Na2S0.. 



Borax 



Tychite 



Soda niter 



- Colemanite Pan- 

 dermite (var.). 

 Ulexite 



Ca2B60u 5H2O. 



Niter 





Nitrocalcite 



NaCaB509.SH20. 



Nitromagnesite 



Howlite 



HoCasBsSiOn. 





Boracite(?) 



Neocolmanite 



Sulphur 



MgrCUBieOso. 



Kalinite 



Same composition as cole- 

 manite. 



S. 



Partly or slightly solu- 

 ble minerals: 



Glauberite 





Na2Ca(C03)2.2H20. 



Sulphohalite 



Gaylussite 







Northupite 





/ 



In addition to the above, potassium chloride and sulpiiate, and magnesium chloride 

 and sulphate, are to be found in mixtures but have not been reported as minerals. 

 Hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, iodine, bromine, and arsenious oxide have been 

 reported in analyses. Marsh gas has been reported from a bore near Fallon, Nev. 



Certain temperature observations have been made in connection with the synthetic 

 studies of saline compounds and these have been summarized below: 



Temperature controlling formation of saline minerals. 



"C, 



110 Pandermite formed from solution of sodium and potassium chlorides.' 



100 Anhydrite formed from action of sulphuric acid on calcium carbonate. 



Tychite and northupite formed at temperature of steam bath.^ 



70 Colemanite formed from ulexite in salt solution.^ 



34 and above. Thenardite formed from sodium sulphate solution. ^ 

 34 and below. Mirabilite formed from sodium sulphate solution.^ 



20 to 38 Trona, borax, ulexite, gaylussite, natron, gypsum, hanksite, halite, 



sulphohalite; deposited from solution. Anhydrite forms from satu- 

 rated salt solution. 

 10 and above. Glauberite. ' 



1 Clarke, Bui. No. 491, Data of Geochemistry, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 216. 



2 Am. Jour, of Sci., 4th Series, v. 20, p. 217. 



3 The Occurrence of Potassium Salts' in the Salines of the United States, Bui. No. 94, Bureau of Soils, 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



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