SHIPMENT OF ORANGES FROM FLORIDA. 21 



The figures are interesting and important because of the fact that the pickers in 

 one crew were paid by the day while those in the other crew were paid by the box. 

 It will be noted that there is practically no difference in the average percentages of 

 imperfections in these two crews. In crew No. 1 the foreman was such in name only. 

 He made no examination of the work of the men under his charge, and his own work 

 was shown by inspection (he was picker No. 1) to be the poorest in the crew. He 

 showed 1.1 per cent clipper cuts and 33.4 per cent long stems. 



The pickers in crew No. 2, who were paid by the box, were not working with 

 sufiicient care to avoid all injury to the skin, yet the average of imperfections in 

 the work of this crew was no greater than in the work done by crew No. 1, which 

 was paid by the day. The simple change from the box-payment to the day-payment 

 plan is insufficient, therefore, to bring about careful work. There must be an efficient 



P/CKE^RS OO/NG B^^T WOR/<. 



f>AIO 



p/a<£:R Br 



CLIPPETf? 

 CUTS 







LOA/G 

 £T£/^S 





Pl/l-L£0 



/V?/ D-^ro.O% 





'^O.O Vo 









^o.o% ^ 



Z BOX O.OVo 





O.OVo 









o.o% 



3 DAr o.o % 





0.0% 









M/.3^% 



-^ Box\o.sy„ 





o.oyo 









o.o% 



£■ BOXla6% 





o.o% 









0.0% 



6 oArXo.eyc 





O.OYo 









o.o% 



7 DAr\0.7% 





0.0% 









o.o% 



/^VE:f?AeE\0.4- Ya 





0.0% 









\o.e% 



\/o / i7/n y BIBB^^^^HI 



P/OA<£rj^S 



/DO/A/G 



POORBST 



\^/OR/<. 





V. / SUA BHHH^BH 



^H^H^^^^B -^z / ^ 









HB^HH 



73.5% O.oyo 



z soxW^^M 



^mzs.'fy. 



^^^^ 



^Mso. 



" ■■" 



^62.7 ya 



Ms. 2% 



3 BOXWBK^ 



^^2^.0% 



Wi3.S% 



4- BOxH^tKBk 



\/8.6y^ 





<?% 





s BoxiatM/o. 



s% 







38.sy^ 



se.sy, 

 ayo 



■ Xo.'^y,, 



6 BOX ■ -f-.S % 



7 OArO.O. o/o 













■nn 



W^s.0% 







H^H>5~0 



^s.s% 



Fig. 6. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of imperfections in the work of seven pickers doing the 

 best work and seven pickers doing the poorest work, 1910-11. 



field foreman whose duty it is to supervise the different pickers and who must be 

 capable of obtaining good work from them. He should watch carefully the output 

 of every laborer under his charge, should follow them to see what each is doing, and 

 should insist upon careful handling. It is practically impossible for him to carry 

 out these arduous duties if, in addition, he must pick fruit. It will be found 

 profitable to engage a foreman solely for the purpose of supervising the crew and to 

 insist that he give his entire attention to this work; if necessary, he should be pro- 

 hibited from picking any fruit. 



The variation in the work done by different individuals is further emphasized by 

 the percentages shown in Table V and the accompanying diagram (fig. 6). The 

 average of the best seven pickers is practically perfect, while the average of the seven 

 pickers doing the most careless work shows a very high percentage of imperfections 

 of various kinds. 



