SHIPMENT OF OEANGES PROM FLOEIDA. 



27 



Table IX. — Blue-mold decay after holding oranges, washed and not washed, two weeks 

 in packing house; summary of all shipments, 1910-11.^ 



Treatment. 



Careful 



pick and 



pack. 



Commer- 

 cial pick 

 and pack. 





Per cent. 

 1.0 

 4.1 



Per cent. 

 3.6 





10.2 







1 Results of 37 experiments in 32 packing houses, in which 13 different types of washers were used. 



Table X and its accompanying diagram (fig. 11) show the wide variation in the 

 amount of decay found in five houses selected for careful work, as compared with five 

 houses chosen for rather careless work. While the average percentages of decay in 

 the washed fruit of the five better houses were only slightly higher than the percentages 

 of decay in the fruit not washed, it will be noted that the cleaning operations in the 

 five careless houses increased the amount of decay to a material extent, even in the 

 carefully picked and packed fruit. The significant point to be noted in these results 

 is that the washing operations were conducted in the careful houses in such a way 

 that little or no harm ensued, while in the more careless houses they were followed 

 by serious injury. It is impossible to state definitely whether this result was due 

 to the use of different types 



fi'/Cff A/JO y^AC/f 



^/G/< AA/O ^^Of 



HSr WAS/fso §0.3% 

 IVASHCO Mo.e% 







M'°-7% B 



of machines or to the more 

 careful operation of the 

 machinery in the five best 

 packing houses. It is 

 probable, however, that 

 both factors were in some 

 degree responsible. Ob- 

 servation has shown that 

 careless manipulation of 

 the best machinery is fre- 

 quently followed by as serious deterioration of the fruit as is the careful handliug 

 of less desirable types of machines. 



Table X. — Blue-mold decay after holding oranges, washed and not washed, two weeks in 

 a packing house, showing high and low decay in fruit carefully handled and commercially 

 handled, 1910-11. 



Fig. 11. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of blue-mold decay ap- 

 pearing after holding oranges, washed and not washed, for two weeks 

 in a packing house, showing high compared with low decay in care- 

 fully handled and commercially handled fruit. 



Packing houses and treat- 

 ment. 



Careful 



pick and 



pack. 



Commer- 

 cial pick 

 and pack. 



Packing houses and treat- 

 ment. 



Careful 



pick and 



pack. 



Commer- 

 cial pick 

 and pack. 



5 houses showing low decay: 



Per cent. 



0.3 



.6 



Per cent. 

 0.9 

 1.9 



5 houses showing high decay: 



Per cent. 



1.3 



10.7 



Per cent. 

 7.1 



Washed 



Washed 



24.3 









In order to bring out the relationship between field handling and packing-house 

 management, Table XI and its accompanying diagram (fig. 12) are presented. These 

 give the results of experiments made at the same time in two houses in the same local- 

 ity, the character of fruit handled in both houses being practically identical. Obser- 

 vation showed that the work of house No. 1 was careless, while in house No. 2 system- 

 atic management and careful methods prevailed. That the character of the fruit was 

 the same is shown by the fact that the lots carefully picked and not washed showed a 

 minimum percentage of decay in both cases. The fruit was held two weeks after 



