PASTUEE AND GEAIN CEOPS FOE HOGS. 



19 



it is thoroughly cultivated to destroy weeds, germinate weed seeds, 

 and conserve moisture. For early summer use, say the middle of 

 Jime, the seed is planted as early in the spring as the soil has warmed 

 up well. If the crop is not to be used until July 15, the date of 

 planting may be delayed until about May 1. Seeding at that date 

 gives an opportunity to cultivate the ground several times before 

 the seed is planted. This makes it much easier to keep the crop 

 free from weeds. 



While kale and rape may be sown broadcast, the best results are 

 secured by planting in rows about 32 inches apart. Kale is thinned 

 until the plants stand 12 to 14 inches apart in the rows. Rape can 

 be left a little thicker in the row. 



M. '^ 



Fig. 7. 



-Thousand^headed kale on the college farm, Pullman, Wash. , planted in drill rows 28 inches apart. 

 (Photographed August 23, 1909.) 



By pasturing and cultivating two or three times, the crop may be 

 kept green all summer. After the fall rains come both rape and kale 

 make a much better growth than clover or alfalfa. They stand a 

 great deal of severe frost and can generally be used until about 

 December 15. If used only during the late summer and autumn, 

 better results are secured by cutting and feeding kale instead of 

 turning the hogs into the field. When the plants are allowed to 

 become large, the hogs break down and waste many of the leaves. 



Ra])e and clover. — Summer pasture is provided and a stand of clover 

 estabhshed at the same time by so^ving 3 pounds of raj)e seed and 8 

 to 10 pounds of red-clover seed per acre about May 1. The seed is 

 mixed and sown together according to the methods described for 

 sowing clover in Popular Bulletin 3 1 of the Washington Agricultural 

 Experiment Station. If sown May 1, the rape and clover should be 



