SUITABILITY OF LONGLEAF PINE FOR PAPER PULP. 17 



In the first series of tests, with an increase in the amount of sodium 

 sulphide from 7.5 to 50 pounds per 100 pounds of wood, the yield 

 decreased from 52 to 40.3 per cent. For amounts of 25 pounds 

 or less the pulps were of good quality, being strong with good wearing 

 properties, but for larger amounts the pulps became soft and fuzzy 

 and evidently were overcooked. 



In the second series, increasing the amount of sodium sulphide 

 from 1 to 5 pounds per 100 pounds of wood resulted in a decrease 

 in the yields from 68.9 to 60.1 per cent. The largest amount (5 

 pounds) afforded the best pulp, considering strength and wearing 

 properties; the other pulps were much undercooked and quite 

 brittle. 



The third series of tests, using a larger amount of caustic soda 

 (20 pounds), showed the effect of increasing the amount of sodium 

 sulphide from 2.1 to 8 pounds per 100 pounds of wood. Under these 

 conditions, the yield was decreased from 64.3 to 47.7 per cent. 

 The pulp obtained when using 2.1 pounds of sodium sulphide was 

 slightly undercooked and somewhat brittle. The other pulps had 

 fair strength and wearing properties and could be used for making 

 a medium grade of wrapping paper. 



As the amount of sodium sulphide was increased, the disagreeable 

 odor arising from the cooking was more noticeable, being much more 

 offensive for cook 37 (50 pounds NagS per 100 pounds of wood) than 

 for cook 31 (7.5 pounds NagS). Increasing the amount of sodium 

 sulphide resulted in lighter-colored pulps, that from cook 37 being 

 considerably lighter in color than from cook 31. 



Sodium sulphide is not so severe in its action on wood as caustic 

 soda. A cook of 8 hours' duration was made with sodium sulphide 

 only, using 40 pounds per 100 pounds of wood and a maximum cook- 

 ing pressure of 100 pounds per square inch. A yield of 41 per cent 

 was obtained, while a similar cook using caustic soda alone in the 

 proportion of 20 pounds per 100 pounds of wood had a yield of 44.3 

 per cent. This indicates that caustic soda is almost twice as effective 

 as sodium sulphide in reducing the wood to pulp. The color of the 

 pulp produced when using caustic soda alone was lighter than when 

 using sodium sulphide alone. 



EFFECTS OP SODIUM CARBONATE. 



Sodium carbonate occurs in the commercial sulphate liquors due to 

 incomplete causticization. That it is of no assistance in reducing 

 longleaf pine was shown by a cook made with .40 pounds of this 

 chemical, 10 pounds of caustic soda, and 5 pounds of sodium sulphide 

 per 100 pounds of wood. The duration of cooking was 7 hours and 



