TENURE AND USE OF ARID GRAZING LANDS. 21 



The diagrammatic maps (figs. 3, 4, and 5) will give some con- 

 ception of the complicated condition of tenure that has resulted 

 from the application of these land laws to a particular region. These 

 maps, and the immediately following discussion of the present legal 

 tenure of the land in the Atlantic and Pacific land grant area, are 

 based on data taken from the previously cited report on the condi- 

 tion of grazing land in that area. 



In studying the effects of the 1917-18 drought upon the stock-raising industry in 

 Arizona and New Mexico, the present condition of legal tenure of the land of a se- 

 lected area (the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Land Grant) was ascertained from 

 the District United States and State Land Offices at Santa Fe, N. Mex., and Phoenix, 

 Ariz. These data were mapped on a large-sized base map and reduced copies of 

 three sections of it are here presented. 12 



In studying these maps it must be remembered that much of the land shown as 

 railroad land has been sold to others, sometimes to large companies who have sold 

 again or now lease it. In a few places large consolidated areas of railroad land are 

 shown. Such places indicate where railroad lieu lands have been selected in such 

 a way as to consolidate an area so that it may be fenced up. In places alternating 

 railroad sections are shown in the national forests. These lands may still belong to 

 the railroad or may have been sold. In many cases they are administered by the 

 United States Forest Service and the owner or lessee gets free permit for the number 

 of animals such an area is able to carry. 



Some of the land that lies inside the National Forests, but shown on the map as 

 homestead land, is almost certainly railroad grant land which has been bought by 

 its present owners. In Table 3 such land has been included with the homesteaded 

 land, thereby raising the figures for percentage and total amount of homesteaded 

 land, perhaps considerably above the actual. 



Large areas are shown as Indian reservations and Indian allotments. The Navajos, 

 Hopis, Zunis, and the remaining Pueblo tribes live on their reservations, but the 

 Hualapais mostly do not stay on their reservations and the grazing privileges on 

 about two-thirds of it are rented to stockmen. 



The State school lands are restricted by law to certain sections in each township 

 or lieu selections when these sections have been disposed of, but the other State lands 

 have frequently been used to consolidate "checkerboard" holdings obtained from 

 the railroad. Any of the State lands can be leased and some of them can be pur- 

 chased. The government land that is open for entry is shown as white on the maps. 

 The percentage of each kind of tenure within the land-grant strip is shown for each 

 State and for the two States combined, in the table. 



The maps and figures show clearly that the stockman's inability to control about 

 one-fourth of the total area within the limits of this land grant determines how a 

 large part of the remainder must be used. 



12 The condition shown in the maps is about as complex as any that can be found. The checkerboard 

 arrangement of holdings is, of course, the result of the method used in making the land grant to the rail- 

 road company and is to be found only in regions where such grants were made. 



