DISTILLATION OF STUMPWOOD. 47 



These yields and values are comparable to those obtained in dis- 

 tilling longleaf-pine lightwood in the South Atlantic States, as shown 

 by the following figures, taken from Bureau of Chemistry Bulle- 

 tin 144 : 



Products from 1 cord (4,000 pounds) of longleaf yellow-pine lighttcood (destruc- 

 tive process). 



Total crude oil gallons__ 36 to 120 



Refined wood turpentine do 5 to 20 



Pine oils do 2 to 5 



Rosin oil do 20 to 65 



Light and heavy oils : 



Creosote gallons 8 to 20 



Rosin spirits do 2 to 10 



Charcoal bushels 30 to 50 



Cost of operating per day and per cord (1915 figures). 



10 cords of wood, at $8.37 a cord, delivered ' $83. 70 



Fuel wood, in addition to gases and fine charcoal, 10 cords, at $2.50 a 



cord, delivered 25. 00 



Labor, 8 men (3 shifts), at $2.50 a day (average wage) 20. 00 



Technically trained works manager, at $125 a month 4. 15 



Depreciation, at 15 per cent of investment in plant ($20,000) 8.20 



Upkeep, at 8 per cent of investment in plant ($20,000) 4. 40 



Insurance, at 3 per cent of investment in plant ($20,000) (average) 1. 65 



Chemicals for still house, etc 1. 00 



Barrels or other containers for making deliveries 15. 00 



Interest on total investment ($25,000), at 6 per cent 4. 11 



167. 21 

 Total daily production cost, exclusive of sales or marketing ex- 

 penses, a cord 16. 72 



Marketing expenses, although an important item, are not included, 

 because they depend largely on the business policy of the manage- 

 ment and upon competition. 



The cost of operating a plant in the South Atlantic States is 

 but little more than half this estimate, because of the much lower 

 cost of wood and of labor in the South. If the medium-grade wood 

 could be distilled at the usual southern cost, it would yield a fair 

 return. The approximate cost of operating a destructive distil- 

 lation plant in the South Atlantic States is as follows : 



Cost of wood for distilling, a cord $1. 50 to $3. 00 



Management, labor, fuel, packing, a cord 2. 50 to 6. 00 



Interest and depreciation, a cord . 60 to 1. 60 



Total 4. 60 to 10. 60 



The values assigned to the several products are representative of 

 those prevailing on the eastern coast shortly after the European 

 war started. To this must be added the cost of transportation to 



