68 BULLETIN 1003, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



cially in regions remote from the railroad. Such plants might be 

 owned and operated jointly by a number of settlers. 



(6) " Medium " grade stumps, though much more plentiful than 

 " rich " stumps, could be used in a commercial plant only at a cost, 

 delivered, materially less than the calculated cost per cord of such 

 wood, $8.37, and at prices for products not materially less than 

 those given in this bulletin. 



(7) The refined turpentine from western yellow-pine stumpwood, 

 consisting mostly of beta-pinene and limonene, has higher boiling- 

 point limits than similar turpentine from southern yellow pine, and 

 dries much more slowly. For this reason paints and varnishes 

 thinned with the turpentine take longer to dry than the same paints 

 and varnishes thinned with turpentine made from the longleaf yellow 

 pine of the South. 



(8) The solvent power of this turpentine is not less than that of 

 wood turpentine from longleaf yellow pine made and refined by the 

 same process. It is suitable for many if not all of the purposes for 

 which wood turpentine can be employed. 



(9) The refined pine oil and the crude oils obtained by distilling 

 western yellow pine are valuable for ore recovery by the flotation 

 process. This is probably the most profitable use to which these 

 products can be put. 



(10) The crude light and heavy oils have germicidal properties 

 approximately half as great as those of phenol, for which reason 

 they are useful for shingle stains, wood preservatives, vermin killers, 

 and disinfectants. 



(11) The pyroligneous acid or "acid liquor" contains approxi- 

 mately one-fourth the amount of acetic acid, methyl alcohol, and 

 acetone ordinarily recovered from hardwood acid liquor, and is 

 heavily charged with dissolved tarry matter, resembling in all re- 

 spects the pyroligneous acid obtained in distilling southern yellow- 

 pine wood. At the usual prices, the recovery of these materials at 

 a profit is hardly possible by present methods. 



(12) A simple method for the commercial refining of crude wood 

 turpentine, which yields a superior product, has been devised. 



The figures given in this bulletin are based on those which pre- 

 vailed in 1914 and 1915. Prices have increased materially since that 

 time and estimated profits may be more or less. Material changes in 

 the ratio of total cost of production to selling value of products 

 will increase the calculated profits from wood distillation if the 

 value of products has risen faster than cost of materials and of pro- 

 duction. Calculated profits will be decreased if the materials and 

 cost of production have increased more than the value of the products 

 of distillation. In order to estimate at any given time the probable 



