36 BULLETIN 1007,, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



shows printing and writing well, it is made into barbers' checks, and 

 labels attached to hay bales on which the weight is written. 



Since plentiful supplies of comparatively cheap timber are neces- 

 sary in the manufacture of different kinds of woodenware, the 

 factories are located near the principal supplies of the timber they use. 

 Wisconsin consumes by far the largest quantities of basswood for 

 these products, and Michigan and Minnesota also use large amounts. 

 New York and Ohio are likewise important in the consumption of 

 basswood for woodenware articles. Outside of these five States 

 the amount of basswood used for these purposes is very small. 



apiarists', poulterers', and dairymen's supplies. 



Because it gives a white, clean appearance and is odorless, basswood 

 is the preferred wood for the honey section, which holds the honey- 

 comb in the hive, and in which comb honey is retailed to the trade 

 (fig. 6). Purchasers are very discriminating concerning the appear- 

 ance of the package holding honey. A dark or discolored wood 

 gives the impression that the honey is inferior in quality. " Only the 

 white, clear basswood will serve for the best grade of honey sections. 

 A second grade is usually made which is cream-colored. This grade 

 must be uniformly colored, however, and the wood must be free from 

 defects. Although the best grade of basswood lumber is most, suit- 

 able for the manufacture of these sections, factories find it more 

 economical, on account of the high price of such stock, to purchase 

 a lower grade or a mixed grade and to work up brown and otherwise 

 discolored stock, which is unsuitable for honey sections, into fences 

 and separators which go between the honey sections in the hive 

 (fig. 6). These parts can be satisfactorily made of other woods, 

 such as pine, when sufficient basswood is not available. It is stated 

 that pine is even more suitable, because the basswood is liable to 

 mold. Some firms purchase basswood lumber of the grade No. 1 

 common white, in which a small percentage of brown wood is ad- 

 mitted, and which costs them about $10 a thousand board feet more 

 than the regular No. 1 common grade. A combination of No. 2 

 common and better grades, called " log-run," can often be used 

 to good advantage by such factories, since a large percentage of clear, 

 white stock can often be worked out. Narrow-width and short- 

 length lumber can be utilized; and round-edge, i. e., lumber which 

 has not been edged, can be worked up advantageously. 



Several machine operations are necessary in making the honey 

 section. First, the plain strip is made by resawing inch boards; 

 the sides are next trimmed out, which allows the bees to enter when 

 the sections are placed face to face; the strips are then notched at 

 each end to make a lock-cornered joint; finally, three V-shaped 

 scorings are made across each piece where it is later bent at right 



